Trig Ratios and Cofunction Relationships Trig Ratios SOHCAHTOA

Trig Ratios and Cofunction Relationships

Trig Ratios SOH-CAH-TOA

SINE Pronounced “sign”

COSINE Pronounced “co-sign”

TANGENT Pronounced “tan-gent”

Greek Letter Pronounced “theta” Represents an unknown angle

hypotenuse adjacent opposite

Finding sin, cos, and tan. Just writing a ratio.

1. Find the sine, the cosine, and the tangent of theta. Give a fraction. H O 37 35 A 12 Shrink yourself down and stand where the angle is. Identify your hypotenuse, adjacent side, and opposite side.

2. Find the sine, the cosine, and the tangent of theta O 24. 5 8. 2 H 23. 1 A Shrink yourself down and stand where the angle is. Identify your hypotenuse, adjacent side, and opposite side.

Sin-Cosine Cofunction

The Sin-Cosine Cofunction

7. Sin 28 = ?

8. Cos 10 = ?

What is Sin Z? What is Cos X?

What is sin A? What is Cos C?

9. ABC where B = 90. Cos A = 3/5 What is Sin C?

10. Sin = Cos 15 What is ?

Draw ABC where BAC = 90 and sin B = 3/5 11. What is the length of AB? 4 12. What is tan C? 4/3

13. Draw stick-man standing where the angle is and mark each given side. Then tell which trig ratio you have. sin O H

C 5 A 2 M 4. If C = 20º, then cos C is equal to: A. sin 70 B. cos 70 C. tan 70

Using Trig to Find Missing Angles and Missing Sides

Finding a missing angle. (Figuring out which ratio to use and an inverse trig button. )

Ex: 1 Figure out which ratio to use. Find x. Round to the nearest tenth. O 20 m A 40 m x Shrink yourself down and stand where the angle is. Identify the given sides as H, O, or A. What trig ratio is this?

Ex: 2 Figure out which ratio to use. Find x. Round to the nearest tenth. O 15 m H 50 m x Shrink yourself down and stand where the angle is. Identify the given sides as H, O, or A. What trig ratio is this?

Ex. 3: Find . Round to the nearest degree. O 17. 2 9 A

Ex. 4: Find . Round to the nearest degree. A 7 23 H

Ex. 5: Find . Round to the nearest degree. 200 O 0 0 4 H

Finding a missing side. (Figuring out which ratio to use and getting to use a trig button. )

Ex: 6 Figure out which ratio to use. Find x. Round to the nearest tenth. 20 m A O x

Ex: 7 Find the missing side. Round to the nearest tenth. x A O 80 ft

Ex: 8 Find the missing side. Round to the H 283 m nearest tenth. x O

Ex: 9 Find the missing side. Round to the nearest tenth. H 20 ft x A

When we are trying to find a side we use sin, cos, or tan. When we are trying to find an angle we use (INVERSE) sin -1, cos-1, or tan-1.

Trig Application Problems MM 2 G 2 c: Solve application problems using the trigonometric ratios.

Depression and Elevation angle of depression horizontal t line gh i s f o angle of elevation horizontal

1. Classify each angle as angle of elevation or angle of depression. Angle of Depression Angle of Elevation

Example 2 • Over 2 miles (horizontal), a road rises 300 feet (vertical). What is the angle of elevation to the nearest degree? 5280 feet – 1 mile

Example 3 • The angle of depression from the top of a tower to a boulder on the ground is 38º. If the tower is 25 m high, how far from the base of the tower is the boulder? Round to the nearest whole number.

Example 4 • Find the angle of elevation to the top of a tree for an observer who is 31. 4 meters from the tree if the observer’s eye is 1. 8 meters above the ground and the tree is 23. 2 meters tall. Round to the nearest degree.

Example 5 • A 75 foot building casts an 82 foot shadow. What is the angle that the sun hits the building? Round to the nearest degree.

Example 6 • A boat is sailing and spots a shipwreck 650 feet below the water. A diver jumps from the boat and swims 935 feet to reach the wreck. What is the angle of depression from the boat to the shipwreck, to the nearest degree?

Example 7 • A 5 ft tall bird watcher is standing 50 feet from the base of a large tree. The person measures the angle of elevation to a bird on top of the tree as 71. 5°. How tall is the tree? Round to the tenth.

Example 8 • A block slides down a 45 slope for a total of 2. 8 meters. What is the change in the height of the block? Round to the nearest tenth.

Example 9 • A projectile has an initial horizontal velocity of 5 meters/second an initial vertical velocity of 3 meters/second upward. At what angle was the projectile fired, to the nearest degree?

Example 10 • A construction worker leans his ladder against a building making a 60 o angle with the ground. If his ladder is 20 feet long, how far away is the base of the ladder from the building? Round to the nearest tenth.