THE CASE OF THE SCARLETT STREAK MINERAL IDENTIFICATION
- Slides: 30
THE CASE OF THE SCARLETT STREAK: MINERAL IDENTIFICATION Virginia T. Mc. Lemore New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources New Mexico Tech
What is a mineral?
What is a mineral? • • • naturally occurring inorganic solid homogeneous crystalline material with a unique chemical element or compound with a set chemical formula • usually obtained from the ground
A crystal is composed of a structural unit that is repeated in three dimensions. This is the basic structural unit of a crystal of sodium chloride, the mineral halite.
Why are minerals important?
Why are minerals important? • Identification of rocks • commodities that we use every day • foundation of understanding geology and geologic processes that affect us everyday • understanding geologic hazards
Minerals have distinctive physical and chemical properties that allow for their identification.
Properties of minerals · Habit (Crystal forms and shapes) · Hardness · Cleavage · Streak · Color · Luster · Transparency · Twinning · Fracture · Specific Gravity · Associated Minerals · Fluorescence · Magnetism · Odor · Feel · Taste · Solubility · Reaction to acids · Radioactive minerals · Meteoritic minerals
Hardness
• ease or difficulty with which the mineral can be scratched • controlled by the strength of bonds between atoms Hardness
Cleavage
• Way the mineral breaks or fractures • one direction of weakness, or in other minerals, 2, 3, 4, or as many as 6 may be present Cleavage • determine the angular relation between the resulting cleavage surfaces – perpendicular – acute – obtuse
www. ironorchid. com/minerals/
From: geology. csupomona. edu/alert/minerals. htm
Streak
Streak • color of a mineral when it is powdered • crushing and powdering a mineral eliminates some of the effects of impurities and structural flaws • • • Black - Graphite Black - Pyrite Black - Magnetite Black - Chalcopyrite Gray - Galena Limonite - Yellowbrown • Hematite - Redbrown
From: geology. csupomona. edu/alert/minerals. htm
academic. brooklyn. cuny. edu/geology/leveson/core/linksa/mineral_id. . .
Luster
• way a mineral’s surface reflects light Luster • • • metallic earthy waxy greasy vitreous (glassy) adamantine (or brilliant, as in a faceted diamond) From: geology. csupomona. edu/alert/minerals. htm
www. ironorchid. com/minerals/
Properties of minerals · Habit (Crystal forms and shapes) · Hardness · Cleavage · Streak · Color · Luster · Transparency · Twinning · Fracture · Specific Gravity · Associated Minerals · Fluorescence · Magnetism · Odor · Feel · Taste · Solubility · Reaction to acids · Radioactive minerals · Meteoritic minerals
Color From: geology. csupomona. edu/alert/minerals. htm
• Crystal shape • six crystal systems • governed by the mineral's internal structure Habit • • • triclinic monoclinic orthorhombic tetragonal hexagonal isometric From: geology. csupomona. edu/alert/mineral/ minerals. htm
Specific Gravity • specific gravity – ratio of mineral density to the density of water • similar to weight • density – ratio of the mass of a mineral to its volume
academic. brooklyn. cuny. edu/geology/lev eson/core/linksa/mineral_id. . .
academic. brooklyn. cuny. edu/geology/leveson/core/linksa/mineral_id. . .
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