ROAD ACCIDENTS IN INDIA 2016 Government of India

ROAD ACCIDENTS IN INDIA - 2016 Government of India Ministry of Road Transport & Highways Transport Research Wing

Road Accidents -2016 The Report, ‘Road Accidents in India -2016’ contains information on various facets of road accidents in the States/U. Ts, Million Plus Cities and in the country as a whole for the calendar year 2016. Information collected from the Police Headquarters of the various States/UTs and Million Plus Cities through specific designated nodal officers (DGP/ADGP) Crime, ADGP (Traffic), Director (State Crime Record Bureau) in a 17 -item format devised under Asia Pacific Road Accident Data (APARD) Format.

Road Accidents : A Snapshot Road Accidents - a leading cause of Injuries, Deaths & Disabilities. India : 2016 • Accidents – 4, 80, 652 • Deaths – 1, 50, 785 • Person Injured – 4, 94, 624 In Every Day : 1, 317 Accidents take place and 413 Persons killed on Indian Roads In Every Hour: 55 Accidents take place and 17 Persons killed on Indian Roads

Road Accident Parameters and Change over the Previous Year Parameter 2015 2016 % Change over previous year Total Accidents 5, 01, 423 4, 80, 652 -4. 1 Killed 1, 46, 133 1, 50, 785 3. 2 Injured 5, 00, 279 4, 94, 624 -1. 1 Accident Severity* 29. 1 31. 4 7. 9 *: Number of persons killed per 100 accidents

Age Group of Victims of Road Accidents - 2016 Age Group of less than 18 years accounted for a share of 7. 0% (10, 622 persons) in total accident fatalities. Youth of Age Group of 18 -34 years accounted for the share of 46. 3 % (69, 851 persons) in total accident fatalities. Age Group of 18 -45 years accounted for a share of 68. 6 % (1, 03, 409 persons) in total accident fatalities. Working Age Group 18 -60 years accounted for a share of 83. 3 per cent ( 1, 25, 583 per sons) in the total road accident fatalities.

Percentage Share of Road Accidents, Person Killed and Injured on different type of Roads in 2016 Type of Road % Share of the Total Road Total Accidents Person Killed Person Injured National Highways 29. 6 34. 5 29. 6 State Highways 25. 3 27. 9 25. 8 Other Roads 45. 1 37. 6 44. 6

86. 5% of total number of Road Accidents accounted by 13 States (2016) Percentage Share of Top 13 States in Total Number of Road Accidents, 2016 2. 8 Tamil Nadu 2. 3 Madhya Pradesh 14. 9 4. 5 Karnataka 4. 7 Maharashtra Kerala 4. 8 11. 2 Uttar Pradesh Andhra Pradesh 5. 2 Rajasthan 9. 2 7. 4 8. 2 8. 3 Telangana Gujarat Chhattisgarh West Bengal Haryana

83. 7% of total number of Persons Killed in Road Accidents accounted by 13 States(2016) Percentage Share of Top 13 States in Total Number of Persons Killed in Road Accidents, 2016 3. 4 3. 3 12. 8 4. 3 4. 8 11. 4 5. 7 8. 6 6. 4 7. 4 6. 9 Uttar Pradesh Tamil Nadu Maharashtra Karnataka Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Telangana West Bengal Punjab Haryana Bihar

87. 8% of total number of Persons Injured in Road Accidents accounted by 13 States(2016) Percentage Share of Top 13 States in Total Number of Persons Injured in Road Accidents, 2016 4. 0 2. 6 2. 4 2. 3 16. 6 4. 9 11. 7 5. 1 6. 1 [VALUE]. 0 7. 3 8. 9 Tamil Nadu Madhya Pradesh Karnataka Kerala Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Telengana Rajasthan Gujarat Chhattisgarh West Bengal Odisha

Share of Top 5 States (in percentage) in Total Number of Road Accidents & Fatalities: 2016 16 14. 9 14 12 12. 8 11. 4 11. 2 10 9. 2 8. 3 8. 6 7. 4 8 7. 4 6 4 2 0 Tamil Nadu Madhya Pradesh Karnataka % Share in Accidents Maharashtra % Share in Fatalities Uttar Pradesh

Inter-City Comparison(2016) (50 cities with a million plus population) Million Plus Cities accounted for : 18. 7 % of all Road Accidents. 11. 8% of all Road Accident Fatalities. 16. 7% of all Persons Injured in Road Accidents Chennai reported the highest number of Road Accidents – 7, 486 Delhi reported the highest number of Road Accident Deaths – 1, 591 Chennai reported the highest number of Persons Injured – 7, 349. Ludhiana 69. 9. had the highest Accident Severity i. e.

Cities with Higher Road Accidents – 2016 Five Cities with Higher Road Accidents Chennai 7486 Delhi 7375 Bangalore 5323 Indore 5143 Kolkata 4104 Mumbai 3379 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Accidents based on the Age of Vehicles (in percentages) : 2016 45 40 40. 3 35 32. 7 30 25 20 15. 4 15 9. 4 10 5 2. 2 0 Less than 5 year 5 - 10 Years 10 - 15 Years & above Age not known

Accidents according to Vehicular Defect: 2016 Vehicular Defect No. of Accidents No. of Persons Killed Persons Injured Defective Brakes 19, 695 5, 609 20, 690 Defective Steering 6, 736 2, 185 7, 117 Punctured/ burst tyres 5, 258 1, 811 5, 258 Worn out tyres 3, 084 1, 327 3, 370 Other serious mechanical defect 61, 495 20, 148 62, 942

Accidents according to Road conditions/ features: 2016 9, 583 accidents occurred & resulted in killings of 3, 396 people on Speed breakers. Potholes accounted for 6, 424 Accidents & 2, 324 fatalities. Maximum number of Road Accidents occurred on Two Lane Roads (1, 90, 800) followed by Single Lane (1, 77, 067) & Four Lane with Median (67, 179). Road

Share in Total Road Accidents by Type of Motor Vehicle Involved : 2016 Other Motor Vehicles 2. 8 Non-motorized vehicles & other objects [VALUE] [CATEGOR Y NAME] [VALUE]. 0 Two-Wheelers 33. 8 Buses 7. 8 Auto-Rickshaws 6. 5 Cars, Jeeps, Taxis 23. 6

Accidents according Age of Drivers: 2016 Age Group No. of Accidents Fatal Accidents Total Accidents Less than 18 5, 383 18, 738 18 -25 30, 661 1, 15, 053 25 -35 37, 252 1, 31, 142 35 -45 31, 041 1, 06, 726 45 -60 17, 184 62, 746 60 & Above 4, 505 16, 492 Age not known 10, 045 29, 755 Total 1, 36, 071 4, 80, 652

Accidents according to educational qualifications of Drivers: 2016 Educational Qualification of drivers No. of accidents Up to 8 th Standard 89, 936 Std. 8 -10 1, 49, 795 Above Std. 10 1, 85, 495 Qualification not known 54, 998

Share of Total Number of Persons Killed in Road Accidents in terms of Road User Categories: 2016 Buses 6. 6 [CATEGORY Others* NAME] 2. 0 (including erickshaw) 10. 6 Pedestrian 10. 5 Truck s 11. 2 Cars, Taxis, Vans & LMVs 17. 9 Bicycles 1. 7 Two-wheelers 34. 8 Auto. Rickshaws 4. 7 * Includes: Animal Drawn Vehicles, Cycle Rickshaws, Hand Carts, Rickshaws and Other Persons

Vulnerable Road Users (2016) Most vulnerable Road Users killed on Road Accidents : • Two Wheelers – 52, 500 (34. 8%) • Pedestrians – 15, 746 (10. 5%) • Bicycles – 2, 528 (1. 7) %

Type of Licence and Road Accidents: 2016 Ø Holder of Regular Licence involved in more number of accidents 4, 05, 079 (84. 6%). Ø Holder of learners licence involved in 41, 405 (8. 7%) accidents and Ø Persons without licence involved in 32, 088 (6. 7%) accidents. Ø This implies requirement of proper evaluation/ testing of driving skill before the issue of licences.

Locations with Higher Accidents: 2016 Ø Most accidents occurred: Open area - 1, 88, 196 Residential area - 63, 031 Market Place - 31, 431 Near Bus stand - 28, 602 Pedestrian Crossing- 28, 397 Near Educational 27, 723 Institutions -

Multi-causal Nature of Road Accidents are Multi-causala combination of factors such as human error, road defects, manufacturing defects of vehicles; Worsening environment especially traffic congestion raises the level of vulnerability; The number of vehicles increased at a CAGR of 9. 8% whereas the total road length increased at a CAGR of 3. 7% over 2005 to 2015.

Factors responsible for Road Accidents as reported by States/U. Ts : 2016 Fault of Driver of motor vehicle Fault of Driver of non-motorized vehicle Fault of Pedestrian Fault of Passenger Mechanical Defect in motor vehicle Engineering/ Designing fault of Roads Defect in road condition (surface of roads/surface condition of roads) Stray Animal Poor light condition Other causes Causes not known Total Accidents 4, 03, 598 (84. 0) Killed 1, 21, 126 (80. 3) Injured 4, 14, 785 (83. 9) 6, 546 (1. 4) 2, 250 (1. 5) 7, 620 (1. 5) 8, 298 (1. 7) 5, 200 (1. 1) 6, 688 (1. 4) 3, 091 (2. 0) 2, 181 (1. 4) 2, 823 (1. 9) 7, 465 (1. 5) 4, 535 (0. 9) 6, 956 (1. 4) 1, 289 (0. 3) 589 (0. 4) 1, 217 (0. 2) 7, 158 (1. 5) 2, 983 (2. 0) 6, 579 (1. 3) 1, 604 (0. 3) 3, 833 (0. 8) 20, 858 (4. 3) 15, 580 (3. 2) 629 (0. 5) 1, 631 (1. 1) 7, 312 (4. 8) 6, 170 (4. 1) 1, 307 (0. 3) 4, 477 (1. 0) 23, 380 (4. 7) 16, 303 (3. 3) 4, 80, 652 1, 50, 785 4, 94, 624 Note: Figures in parenthesis are the percentage share

Drivers’ Fault- Main factor responsible for accidents: 2016 Drivers’ Fault revealed as a most responsible factor for Road Accidents - 84. 0 % of total Road Accidents & 80. 3 % of Road Accident Deaths. Within Drivers’ Fault : Over speeding of vehicles caused 66. 5 % of Road Accidents & 61. 0 % of Deaths Overtaking caused 7. 3 % of Road Accidents & 7. 8 % of Deaths. Intake of Alcohol/Drugs caused 3. 7 % of Road Accidents & 5. 1% of Deaths. Act of talking over Mobile Phones resulted in 4976 accidents and 2138 deaths and 4746 injuries.

Responsibilities of Drivers: 2016 Responsibilities of Drivers Accidents Killed Injured 2, 68, 341 (66. 5) 73, 896 (61. 0) 2, 870 (68. 2) Intake of Alcohol 14, 894 (3. 7) 6, 131 (5. 1) 11, 648 (2. 9) Jumping Red Light 4, 491 (1. 1) 1, 260 (1. 0) 4, 636 (1. 1) Driving on Wrong Side 17, 654 (4. 4) 5, 705 (4. 7) 17, 908 (4. 3) Jumping/ Changing lanes 8, 513 (2. 1) 2, 795 (2. 3) 8, 177 (2. 0) Overtaking 29, 647 (7. 3) 9, 462 (7. 8) 29, 171 (7. 0) Using of Mobile phones during driving 4, 976 (1. 2) 2, 138 (1. 8) 4, 746 (1. 1) Asleep or fatigued or sick 4, 552 (1. 1) 1, 796 (1. 5) 4, 685 (1. 1) 50, 530 (12. 6) 17, 943 (14. 8) 50, 944 (12. 3) Exceeding lawful speed Other improper actions Note: Figures in parenthesis are the percentage share

Other Parameters of Road Accidents: 2016 Vehicular Load condition caused : 61, 325 (12. 8%) of total Road Accidents & 21, 302 (14. 1%) of Deaths. Head on collision : 96, 466 (20. 1%) of total Road Accidents & 27, 446 (18. 2%) of Deaths. Hit & Run Cases : 55, 942 (11. 6%) of total Road Accidents & 22, 962 (15. 2%) of Deaths.

Accidents at Junctions: 2016 • About 37 % of total Road Accidents occurred on the junctions. • Within junctions 72. 9% of accidents occurred at uncontrolled junctions.

Use of Safety Devices: 2016 Out of total of 52, 500 two wheeler riders in Road accidents, 10, 135 two wheeler riders (19. 3%) reported to be not wearing Helmets. Non-wearing of Seat-belts resulted in 5, 638 deaths (3. 7%) in Road Accidents.

Improving Road Accident Database Road Accidents are multi-causal, but falls into three broad categories, viz. , - Human error - Road engineering defects - Vehicular defects Need to focus on vulnerable road users, especially pedestrians; A committee consisting of expert members from IITs, State Police etc. constituted by the Ministry to move closer towards an accurate, consistent and objective road accident database.

Improving Road Accident Database (contd. ) The Committee recommended a uniform accidents recording format for the State/UT Police; and corresponding annual accident data reporting formats. The new Recording Format developed to make it simple for the police to understand to cover all relevant information relating to road accident – accidentification/location, road conditions, vehicles involved and details of road accident victims. The new formats to foster objectivity in data recording by capturing the circumstances under which an accident occurred, adequate capturing of impacting vehicles details and improve accuracy in pedestrian victims. Mo. RTH has accorded approval to the new formats and disseminated to States/UTs. Approved formats uploaded in the Ministry’s website (www. morth. nic. in). Familiarization workshops; one national level at IIT-Delhi and five zonal levels each at IIT-Bombay, IIT-Guwahati, IIT-Kanpur, IIT-Kharagpur and IIT-Madras organised for State & UT Police officers.

Government Initiatives • The Government has been implementing multi-pronged road safety programmes and initiatives which encompasses mass awareness/ education programmes, engineering measures (both road and vehicle), enforcement of safety laws and emergency care to road accident victims.

Recent Measures taken by Mo. RTH i. Road Engineering measures: • 789 black spots identified of which 651 on NH and 138 on State roads. • 140 spots already rectified. • 283 under process. • Road Safety Audits at different stages are integral part of BOT and EPC road projects. • All road development projects have provision for essential road safety furniture: like road signs, markings, delineators etc. • Crash barriers installed in hilly areas.

Recent Measures taken by Mo. RTH (contd. ) ii. Vehicular safety standards and IT enabled safety measure • Trucks prohibited from carrying protruding roads; • Anti-locking Brake System (ABS) made mandatory on Heavy Vehicles. • Cars to have provision for fitment of at-least one child seat. • AHO (Automatic Headlight On) made mandatory for Two Wheelers. • Bus and truck code for safe cabins for drivers and others.

Recent Measures taken by Mo. RTH (contd. ) iii. Education and Awareness • Ministry sanctioned 24 model institutes of drivers training and research (IDTR) for drivers. • Of which 16 functional. • Road Safety Week observed each year for mass awareness. • To support traffic and transport rules.

Recent Measures taken by Mo. RTH (contd. ) iv. Post-crash response and trauma care • Good Samaritans” guidelines accepted by Supreme Court – States/U. Ts requested to implement. • NHAI provide ambulances at a distance of 50 -60 kms on completed stretches of NH. • MV Amemdment Bill 2017 provide stricter penalities for traffic offences for strengthening enforcement and ensuring compliance: Drunk driving Overloading Overspeeding Red light jumping

Always Follow Road Safety Rules Thank you