RESOURCES SECTION C Conservation and Moles C 1

RESOURCES SECTION C Conservation and Moles

C. 1 Big Ideas • • • Every Resources we use is obtained from these layers of the Earth…and many are NON renewable Earth is composed of 3 layers: Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere has 3 sublayers: Crust, Mantle, Core Composition of Atmosphere: Composition of Hydrosphere: Composition of Lithosphere (Crust predominantly): Thickness of Lithosphere is comparable to skin of an apple No direct correlation between abundance of a resources and land area or population Some Nations or Regions control the majority of certain resources, like…. The unequal balance of resources throughout the world has historically led to great advances…and to many wars The development of the US (we are only a little over 200 years old, compared to Countries like France, Great Britain, China…that’s chump change) as the PRE- EMINANT SUPERPOWER of this century is a direct result of the good fortune of plentiful and diverse resources

Earth

• The development of the U. S. as a major industrial nation can be greatly attributed to: ________ • Given the data that all resources are not distributed equally, what do you think about the idea of closing off our borders and decreasing international trade in an effort to decrease the likelihood of terrorist attacks? Immigration? What are some of the Pros and Cons to this idea?

• 2 H 2(g) + O 2(g) 2 H 2 O(l)

Section C. 3 – The Mole…who cares? • The mole is the unit we use to COUNT “things” • It’s a really BIG number, so we use it to count really SMALL “things”…atoms, molecules…

Avogadro and his number 1 mole = 6. 02 x 1023 things 1 mole = 602, 000, 000, 000 things A “thing” can be ANYthing – pickles, eggs, turkeys, atoms, ions, molecules, … Do you doubt the power of the mole? …it’s not called “Geoffrey’s number”…or “Jennifer’s number” now is it? …it’s AVOGADRO’S Number… punks, and don’t you forget it! …. and Avocado…it’s a fruit

602, 000, 000, 000 • • • Q. – How many eggs are in a dozen? Q. – How many pickles are in a ton of pickles? Q. – How much paper is in a ream? Q. – How many eggs are in a ream? Q. - How many pickles are in a ream? Q, - How many Helium atoms are in a ream? Q. – How many eggs are in a mole? Q. – How many pickles are in a mole? Q. – How many Helium atoms are in a mole? ! Q. – How long do you think it would take you to drink 1 mole of water? • Q. – How long would it take someone to count out 1 mole of water molecules?

• Q. - Is the number of golf balls in a mole of golf balls the same as the number of bowling balls in a mole of bowling balls? ______ • Q. – Is the mass of a mole of golf balls the same as the mass of a mole of bowling balls? ______

The Number of Particles in a Mole Representative Particles – Whether Substance exists (commonly) as an atom, ion, or molecule formula units • Exception – seven elements that exist as diatomic molecules • Molecular Compound – molecule • Ionic Compounds – Formula unit

ATOMS VS. MOLECULES 1 mole of Carbon atoms = 6. 02 x 1023 atoms 1 mole of CO 2 molecules = 6. 02 x 1023 molecules 1 mole of CO 2 molecules = 3 x 6. 02 x 1023 total atoms

The Mass of a Mole of an Element ATOMIC MASS = relative mass of one atom of a particular element • Measured in amu’s (atomic mass units) • Remember an atom of C is 12 times heavier than an atom of H Thus: • Hydrogen = 1 amu • Carbon = 12 amu. • Oxygen has atomic mass = 16 amu Molar Mass = refers to the mass of a mole (6. 02 x 1023 ) of atoms of any element or compound. • Sometimes called gfm (gram formula mass) • Just replace the “amu” unit with “grams” EX. Oxygen has atomic mass = 16 amu Oxygen has molar mass = 16 g = mass of 1 mole of atoms oxygen = mass of 6. 02 x 1023 atoms of oxygen

The Mass of a Mole of a Compound • EX – Find the mass of 1 mole of Potassium iodide. KI K = 39. 1 g I = + 126. 9 g 166. 0 g KI = 1 mole KI

• Practice • Ex. – what is the mass of one mole of carbon atoms? • Ex. – what is the mass of one mole of sodium atoms? • Ex. What is the mass of 6. 02 x 1023 oxygen atoms? • Ex. – What is the mass of 3 moles of carbon atoms? • Ex. – What is the mass of one mole of sodium chloride (Na. Cl) molecules? • Ex. – What is the mass of 2 moles of sodium chloride (Na. Cl) molecules? • Ex. – what is the mass of 2 moles of calcium chloride (Ca. Cl 2) molecules? • • Given the number of moles of a substance you can find the mass, and conversely given the mass you can find the number of moles – both by using the molar mass from the periodic table and dimensional analysis!! Ex. – Determine the number of moles in 25 g of Na. Cl • Ex. – Determine the number of grams in 2. 5 moles of Na. Cl

The Molar Mass of a Substance EX. Convert 7. 20 mol of N 2 03 into grams. STEP 1: Calculate the (gfm) 2 mole N x 14. 0 g N = 28. 0 g N 1 mole N 3 mole O x 16. 0 g O = + 48. 0 g O 1 mole O 76. 0 g N 2 O 3 STEP 2: Use the (gfm) to convert from moles to grams 7. 20 mole N 2 O 3 x 76. 0 of N 2 O 3 = 5. 47 x 102 g N 2 O 3 1 mole N 2 O 3

Moles Practice Problems 1. How many molecules are there in 1. 3 moles of H 2 O? 2. How much does 1. 6 moles of Na. Cl weigh? 3. What is the gfm of Al 2(SO 4)3? 4. How much does a mole of Calcium weigh? 5. Given 23 grams of Na. OH, how many moles is this? 6. Given 23 grams of Na. OH, how many molecules is this? 7. Given 4. 2 x 1025 molecules of H 2 O, how many moles is this?

Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 83 x 1023 molecules 92. 8 g 342 g/mole 40 g 0. 58 moles 3. 46 x 1023 molecules 70 moles

RESOURCES D Sources of Metals and Replacement Materials

MOLES LAB C 12 H 22 O 11 C 6 H 12 O 6