Recap Vowels Consonants V central sound of the

Recap: Vowels & Consonants V – central “sound” of the syllable C – outer “shell” of the syllable (C) V (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)

Recap: Vowels & Consonants V – central “sound” of the syllable C – outer “shell” of the syllable

Syllabic Consonants V – central “sound” of the syllable C – outer “shell” of the syllable button little teacher LPD

Consonants 3 features: • Manner • Place • Voicing

Consonants: 3 phonetic features 1 Manner of Articulation How much constriction? plosive: completely blocked fricative: partly blocked affricate: plosive + fricative approximant: slightly hindered nasalization Does the air flow through both the nose and the mouth, or just the mouth?

Consonants: 3 phonetic features 2 Place of Articulation Where in the mouth does the constriction occur? What parts of the mouth are involved (lips, teeth, tongue, roof of the mouth)?

Consonants: 3 phonetic features 2 Place of Articulation bilabial labiodental alveolar palatal velar glottal

Consonants: 3 phonetic features 2 Place of Articulation Plosives: bilabial alveolar (palatal) velar

Consonants: plosives The following slides were made using Daniel Currie Hall’s website at http: //www. chass. utoronto. ca/~d anhall/phonetics/sammy. html

Consonants: 3 phonetic features 2 Place of Articulation Plosives: bilabial alveolar (palatal) velar

Consonants: 3 phonetic features 2 Place of Articulation Plosives: bilabial alveolar (palatal) velar

Consonants: 3 phonetic features 2 Place of Articulation Plosives: bilabial alveolar (palatal) velar

Consonants: 3 phonetic features 2 Place of Articulation Plosives: bilabial alveolar (palatal) velar

Consonants: 3 phonetic features 3 Voicing Are the vocal chords vibrating or not? REMEMBER THE TERMS FORTIS and LENIS (at least until the next slideshow)

The six RP plosives Features: unvoiced bilabial stop p

The six RP plosives Features: voiced bilabial stop b

The six RP plosives Features: unvoiced alveolar stop t

The six RP plosives Features: voiced alveolar stop d

The six RP plosives Features: unvoiced velar stop k

The six RP plosives Features: voiced velar stop g

Recap: Plosives bilabial alveolar (palatal) velar

Places of articulation: fricatives labiodental alveolar post-alveolar palato-alveolar

Features: unvoiced bilabial stop pipe p

Features: voiced bilabial stop baby b

(Features: unvoiced bilabial fricative)

(Features: voiced bilabial fricative) vamos

Features: unvoiced labiodental fricative fine, life f

Features: voiced labiodental fricative very clever v

Features: unvoiced dental fricative think

Features: voiced dental fricative this ð

Features: unvoiced alveolar stop tart t

Features: voiced alveolar stop did d

Features: unvoiced alveolar fricative sea s

Features: voiced alveolar fricative zero z

Features: unvoiced postalveolar fricative she, pressure

Features: voiced postalveolar fricative measure

Features: unvoiced glottal fricative home h

Wells, under “Articulation”

f, v

f, v

Affricates • There are no affricates in Icelandic, but if you’ve mastered the post-alveolar fricatives they should cause no problems fortis chess lenis Jess

Affricates Don’t forget to make a clear distinction between the fortis and lenis forms: rich - ridge larch – large search – surge • not only with the voicing of , • but also by clipping caused by

SIBILANTS

sea ship zero measure church judge

sea ship zero measure church judge sí sjipp seró mesjúr tsörts dsöds

Problems with sibilants • Icelandic has only 1 sibilant: • English has 4: and two afficates:

Problems with sibilants • Spelling is a poor indication of which sibilant is used • VOICING of s or z is particularly badly represented s z – base phase loose choose – rates clothes wages NO RULE!

-s, -’s, -s’, -es • plural – the dog gave two short barks • possessive – the dog’s bark, the dogs’ barks • 3 rd person sg. – this dog barks • abbreviation for is – his bark’s worse than his bite • abbreviation for has – his bark’s been recorded

-s, -’s, -s’, -es cat’s cats’ gets barks - dogs dog’s runs mews fishes fish’s fishes’ masses catches judges roses Rose’s boxes Butch’s

1 2

Nasals The following slides were made using Daniel Currie Hall’s website at http: //www. chass. utoronto. ca/~d anhall/phonetics/sammy. html

Features: voiced bilabial stop b

Features: voiced bilabial nasal m

Features: voiced alveolar stop d

Features: voiced alveolar nasal n

Features: voiced velar stop g

Features: voiced velar nasal

Features: voiced bilabial nasal m

Features: unvoiced bilabial nasal m o

Features: voiced alveolar nasal n

Features: unvoiced alveolar nasal n o

Features: voiced velar nasal

Features: unvoiced velar nasal o

English: 3 nasals Icelandic: 10 nasals

SHORT BILAB ALV PAL VEL LONG UNVOICED

ng? sting stink singer finger hanger

EXCEPTIONS: longer longest stronger strongest younger youngest