Quaternary Environments Pollen Analysis Pollen Analysis T T

  • Slides: 35
Download presentation
Quaternary Environments Pollen Analysis

Quaternary Environments Pollen Analysis

Pollen Analysis T T Millions of tons of organic material is dispersed into the

Pollen Analysis T T Millions of tons of organic material is dispersed into the atmosphere by flowering plants and cryptogams every year Sedimentation rate is important for fine resolution

Basis of Pollen Analysis T T Distinct morphology of pollen grains Produced in vast

Basis of Pollen Analysis T T Distinct morphology of pollen grains Produced in vast quantities by wind-pollinated plants Extremely resistant to decay Reflect natural vegetation

Pollen T T T 10 – 150 microns Exine – Chemically resistant outer layer

Pollen T T T 10 – 150 microns Exine – Chemically resistant outer layer Morphology Shape T Size T Sculpturing T Number of apertures T

Treatment T T T Hydrochloric Acid Sulfuric Acid Hydrofluoric Acid Acetic Anhydride Pollen Solution

Treatment T T T Hydrochloric Acid Sulfuric Acid Hydrofluoric Acid Acetic Anhydride Pollen Solution Lycopodium Control

Pollen Prep and Microscope Work

Pollen Prep and Microscope Work

Pollen Morphology

Pollen Morphology

Catchment T Preservation sites Lakes T Bogs T Estuaries T Alluvial deposits T Marine

Catchment T Preservation sites Lakes T Bogs T Estuaries T Alluvial deposits T Marine sediments T Glacial ice T Archaeological sites T Packrat middens T Coprolites T

Scale T T Basin size determines catchment area Based on dispersal distance Based on

Scale T T Basin size determines catchment area Based on dispersal distance Based on pollen productivity Different spatial and temporal scales of pollen change are driven by different processes

Lake Coring

Lake Coring

Sediment Core

Sediment Core

Other Factors that Affect Pollen Dispersal T T T Fire Insect infestation Plant successional

Other Factors that Affect Pollen Dispersal T T T Fire Insect infestation Plant successional changes Season of pollination Interference by humans

Under and Over Represented Pollen Types

Under and Over Represented Pollen Types

Dispersal Model

Dispersal Model

Problems T Differential production T T Differential preservation T T Populus pollen disintegrates easily

Problems T Differential production T T Differential preservation T T Populus pollen disintegrates easily Number of pollen grains to count T T Wind versus insect or animal pollinated Greater than 200 Bioturbation

Biostratigraphic Zones T Biostratigraphic Zone: "A " biostratigraphic zone is defined solely by the

Biostratigraphic Zones T Biostratigraphic Zone: "A " biostratigraphic zone is defined solely by the fossils it contains, without reference to lithology, inferred environment, or concepts of time. " Code of Stratigraphic Nomenclature. Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 45(5): 645 -665.

Vegetation versus Modern Pollen Hickory Elm Oak Ash

Vegetation versus Modern Pollen Hickory Elm Oak Ash

Callibration T Compare pollen assemblages to known temperature and precipitation T Develop transfer functions

Callibration T Compare pollen assemblages to known temperature and precipitation T Develop transfer functions to reconstruct past climate

Pollen Diagram

Pollen Diagram

Pollen Diagram from Carp Lake, Oregon

Pollen Diagram from Carp Lake, Oregon

Temporal Reconstruction of Temperature and Precipitation

Temporal Reconstruction of Temperature and Precipitation

Spatial Reconstruction of Vegetation

Spatial Reconstruction of Vegetation

Isochrones of Vegetation Migration

Isochrones of Vegetation Migration

Altitudinal Changes in vegetation zones in the Eastern Cordillera of Columbia

Altitudinal Changes in vegetation zones in the Eastern Cordillera of Columbia

Quaternary Environments Quaternary Ecology Paleoecological Studies T CannotQuaternary Environments Quaternary Ecology Paleoecological Studies T Cannot
Quaternary Environments Marine Sediments and Corals Marine EnvironmentsQuaternary Environments Marine Sediments and Corals Marine Environments
Quaternary Tephrochronology Chapter 5 of Quaternary Nonglacial GeologyQuaternary Tephrochronology Chapter 5 of Quaternary Nonglacial Geology
Quaternary Activity Chapter 14 text Quaternary Activity refersQuaternary Activity Chapter 14 text Quaternary Activity refers
Quaternary Activity Chapter 14 text Quaternary Activity refersQuaternary Activity Chapter 14 text Quaternary Activity refers
A Pollen Key for Quaternary Paleontology Amaranthus SphericalA Pollen Key for Quaternary Paleontology Amaranthus Spherical
Nonmarine paleoclimate records Pollen Data Basis for PollenNonmarine paleoclimate records Pollen Data Basis for Pollen
POLLEN Palynologi Pollen 1 Byggnad 2 Utseende frgPOLLEN Palynologi Pollen 1 Byggnad 2 Utseende frg
POLLEN AND SPORE EXAMINATION INTRODUCTION Pollen and sporePOLLEN AND SPORE EXAMINATION INTRODUCTION Pollen and spore
Pollen Sources Huguenot Beekeepers Association The term pollenPollen Sources Huguenot Beekeepers Association The term pollen
POLLEN AND SPORE EXAMINATION INTRODUCTION Pollen and sporePOLLEN AND SPORE EXAMINATION INTRODUCTION Pollen and spore
Nonmarine paleoclimate records Pollen Data Basis for PollenNonmarine paleoclimate records Pollen Data Basis for Pollen
Pollen polarity Pollen polarity refers to the positionPollen polarity Pollen polarity refers to the position
The Pollen Game From the pollen slides identifyThe Pollen Game From the pollen slides identify
Use of Mammalian Remains in Interpreting Quaternary EnvironmentsUse of Mammalian Remains in Interpreting Quaternary Environments
Late Quaternary environments of the dry tropics andLate Quaternary environments of the dry tropics and
Quaternary environments and N hemisphere temperate forests DistributionQuaternary environments and N hemisphere temperate forests Distribution
Quaternary Environments Ice Cores Records From Ice CoresQuaternary Environments Ice Cores Records From Ice Cores
Quaternary Environments Climate and Climatic Variation Geologic TimeQuaternary Environments Climate and Climatic Variation Geologic Time
Quaternary Environments Ecosystem Pattern and Process Conservation IssuesQuaternary Environments Ecosystem Pattern and Process Conservation Issues
Quaternary Environments Dating Methods II Paleomagnetism T MajorQuaternary Environments Dating Methods II Paleomagnetism T Major
Quaternary Environments NonMarine Biological Evidence Proxy Records TQuaternary Environments NonMarine Biological Evidence Proxy Records T
Quaternary Environments Dating Methods I Accuracy Versus PrecisionQuaternary Environments Dating Methods I Accuracy Versus Precision
Quaternary Environments Paleoclimate Models Types of Models TQuaternary Environments Paleoclimate Models Types of Models T