Primary Secondary Tertiary Protein Structure Quaternary Energy Outline
- Slides: 15
Primary Secondary Tertiary Protein Structure Quaternary
Energy
Outline I. Introduction A. Metabolism B. Energy defined II. Laws of Thermodynamics III. Energy Transfer in Living Systems A. Chemical Reactions B. ATP
Metabolism l l All the chemical reactions that occur in the cell Capacity to get and use energy to build, store, break down, and eliminate substances necessary for growth and reproduction – – Catabolism: reactions that break down large molecules into smaller ones e. g. digestion energy released Anabolism: reactions that build larger molecules from small ones e. g. protein built from AA subunits energy required
Energy l l l Definition: the ability to do work, cause change Energy obtained from some cellular reactions is used for fueling other reactions Thermodynamics: The study of energy
Laws of Thermodynamics l 1 st Law: Energy in the universe is constant – – – Energy can be transferred or transformed but it cannot be created or destroyed Also known as the Energy Conservation law True for a closed system
Heat and Entropy l l l Heat is energy and can do work (steam engine) Conversion of any form or energy into heat is not fully reversible, not all heat is usable energy Heat “lost”=energy no longer capable of doing work Heat is “low quality” energy Unusable heat associated with disorder (entropy) Energy flows from high quality to low quality
Laws of Thermodynamics l 1 st Law: Energy in the universe is constant – – – l Energy can be transferred or transformed but it cannot be created or destroyed Also known as the Energy Conservation law True for a closed system 2 nd Law: Disorder in the universe is increasing – – Entropy: measure of disorder In a closed system entropy increases
Maintaining Order l l l Systems tend toward disorder How do you explain order of a cell, or an organism? Input of energy required to maintain order
Energy Transfer in Living Systems l l Each chemical reaction in a cell has reactants and products 2 types of chemical reactions: – – – Exergonic: energy released meaning reactants have more energy than products. Occur spontaneously Endergonic: energy required meaning reactants have less energy than products Sometimes these reactions are coupled
Energy Transfer in Living Systems l Metabolic Pathway: series of chemical reactions – Often have reactants which are complexed into one or more intermediates before final products A+B→C→D→E+F Where A, B are reactants C, D are intermediates E, F products Specific enzymes required at each step (each arrow) l Chemical equilibrium: recall this occurs when forward and backward reactions occur at the same rate. Concentrations of reactants and products are stable but not necessarily equal
Metabolic Pathway with inhibition (subtraction symbols)
ATP l l Adenosine triphosphate Nucleotide based molecule- ribose, adenine, and 3 phosphate groups Cellular energy, powers cellular work Bonds between phosphate groups can be broken by hydrolysis ATP + H 2 O ↔ ADP + Pi (inorganic phosphate) + energy l Phosphate groups all negative-repulse each other, like a coiled spring
ATP molecule
ATP hydrolysis
- Secondary to tertiary structure
- Primary secondary tertiary quaternary structure of proteins
- Tertiary level of care
- Primary secondary and tertiary protein structure
- Primary secondary and tertiary structure of protein
- Francis crick
- Quaternary structure of protein
- Arylamine vs alkylamine
- Example of quaternary
- Site do professor
- Protein tertiary structure bonds
- Leucine polar or nonpolar
- Structure of protein
- Wastewater treatment process primary secondary tertiary
- What colors are located next to each other on the wheel
- Primary alcohol oxidation