Practical organic chemistry Aldehyde ketones You may not

Practical organic chemistry Aldehyde & ketones

You may not know it, but you already have experience with aldehydes and ketones based on things you have likely smelled and tasted. the smell of vanilla, almond flavor , cinnamon and spearmint

Aldehydes and ketones Functional group : - Carbonyl group Aldehydes : - it is carbonyl group attached to hydrogen atom and alkyl group Ketone: - it is carbonyl group attached to two alkyl groups

oxidation

Classification of aldehydes Aliphatic aldehydes R-CHO Aromatic aldehydes Ar-CHO Benzaldehyde

Classification of ketones ketone Aliphatic ketone R-CO-R Acetone Aromatic ketone Ar-CO-Ar benzophenone Mixed ketone Ar-CO-R acetophenone

Practical organic chemistry COMMON NAME IUPAC NAME Formaldehyde methanal acetaldehyde ethanal acetone propanone

State: - liquid Colour: colourless Physical properties Odour: unpleasant Miscibility: miscible with water Effect on litmus paper: neutral

acidic 4)Effect on litmus paper: - Red blue -ve acidic basic neutral basic Red and blue litmus paper 1 ml of alcohol

Practical organic chemistry 2 ) chemical properties

EXPERIMENT Formaldehyde Fehling text Red ppt acetaldehyde acetone -ve 1 ml fehling (B) 1 ml fehling( A) Fehling ( B) : - sodium potassium tartrate 1 ml of aldehyde

ubstance FORMALDEHYDE EXP 1) Schiff test 3)Fehling test 4)resorcinol 6) Iodoform 7)Na. OH 20% ACETALDEHYDE ACETONE