Power Point Presentation to Accompany 2011 Delmar Cengage

Power. Point Presentation to Accompany © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Chapter 10 Sports Psychology © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2

Objectives • Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: – Discuss the importance of sports psychology to athletic performance – Describe goal setting and its effect on motivation – Draw up a personal goal-setting program – Explain the difference between imagery and simulation © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 33

Objectives (cont’d. ) • Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to (cont’d. ): – Explain the benefits and dangers of stress – Discuss the dangers of burnout – Describe career opportunities in the field of sports psychology © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 44

Sports Psychology • Study of sport and exercise, and mental factors influencing performance • Mind, body, and athletic performance connection is powerful – Often said that performance in a sport is 95% mental © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 55

Sports Psychology (cont’d. ) • Sport psychologists can help athletes develop: – Goals – Self-confidence – Motivation – Positive self-image – Strategies to cope with stress and disappointment © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 66

Motivation • Internal state or condition that activates or energizes behavior and give it direction – Extrinsic • Driven by some type of external reward – Intrinsic • Require no external support or reinforcement © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 77

Goal Setting • With goals in mind, the individual can: – Achieve more – Improve performance – Improve the quality of training – Increase motivation to achieve at a higher level – Increase pride and satisfaction in performance – Improve self-confidence © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 88

Goal Setting (cont’d. ) • Research has shown that people who use goal setting effectively: – Suffer less from stress and anxiety – Concentrate better – Show more self-confidence – Perform better – Are happier with their performances © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 99

Goal Setting (cont’d. ) • Guidelines: – Express goals positively – Set priorities – Document goals – Use operational goals – Set performance goals, not outcome goals – Set specific goals – Set goals at the right level – Set short-term and long-term goals © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1010

Imagery and Simulation • Imagery: – Training process done purely within the mind – Helps create, modify, or strengthen neurological pathways important to muscle coordination – Imagination is the driving force – Allows athletes to practice and prepare for events – Can help “slow down” complex skills © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1111

Imagery and Simulation (cont’d. ) • Simulation: – Seeks to improve quality of training by teaching the brain to cope with circumstances that will not be encountered until competition – Carried out by making physical training circumstances as close as possible to real competition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1212

Strategies to Cope with Stress and Disappointment • Stress can be healthy – Helps to increase awareness, maintain a clearer focus, increase motivation, and filter out distractions • Too much stress can hinder performance © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1313

Strategies to Cope with Stress and Disappointment (cont’d. ) • Transitional stress typically occurs when: – Beginning a new sport – Going from high school to college – Changing leagues – Changing levels of competition – Going from junior high to high school – Going from college to professional – Retiring from athletics © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1414

Strategies to Cope with Stress and Disappointment (cont’d. ) • Injury – Can be devastating to the motivated athlete • Burnout – Physically and mentally challenging – Manifests as dropping out of a sport and quitting an activity that was once enjoyable © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1515

Strategies to Cope with Stress and Disappointment (cont’d. ) • Ways to manage stress: – Goal setting – Meditation – Positive thinking – Time management – Talking with friends – Taking breaks © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1616

Self-Confidence • Reflects athlete’s assessment of his or her own self-worth • Allows athletes to take risks because they have belief in their own abilities • Consistent failure can lead to a lack of self -esteem © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1717

Self-Confidence (cont’d. ) • Confidence should be based on observed reality – Overconfidence and underconfidence are both damaging © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1818

Careers in Sports Psychology • Educational sports psychology – Emphasizes working with athletes in an educational environment • Clinical sports psychology – Treats athletes in a clinical setting • Academic sports psychology – Focuses on research and teaching © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1919

Conclusion • Sports psychology is the study of the mental factors influencing performance in sport and exercise • Goal setting can help the athlete attain greater success by focusing his or her energy in a positive, measurable way © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2020