Chapter 6 Skeletal System 2009 Delmar Cengage Learning
![Chapter 6 Skeletal System © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Chapter 6 Skeletal System © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-1.jpg)
![Functions • Support • Protect • Movement and anchorage – Ligaments are fibrous bands Functions • Support • Protect • Movement and anchorage – Ligaments are fibrous bands](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-2.jpg)
![Structure and Formation of Bone • Osteocytes – Mature bone cell • Organic material Structure and Formation of Bone • Osteocytes – Mature bone cell • Organic material](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-3.jpg)
![Bone Formation • Embryonic skeleton initially consists of collagenous protein fibers secreted by osteoblasts Bone Formation • Embryonic skeleton initially consists of collagenous protein fibers secreted by osteoblasts](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-4.jpg)
![© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-5.jpg)
![Long Bones • Shaft or diaphysis • Each end is the epiphysis – Covered Long Bones • Shaft or diaphysis • Each end is the epiphysis – Covered](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-6.jpg)
![© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-7.jpg)
![Growth • • • Grow in length Ossify from center outward Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Growth Growth • • • Grow in length Ossify from center outward Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Growth](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-8.jpg)
![© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-9.jpg)
![Types of Bones • • Long Flat Short Irregular © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Types of Bones • • Long Flat Short Irregular © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-10.jpg)
![© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-11.jpg)
![Axial Skeleton • Skull • Ribs and Sternum • Spinal Column and Vertebrae © Axial Skeleton • Skull • Ribs and Sternum • Spinal Column and Vertebrae ©](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-12.jpg)
![Axial Skeleton u. Skull • Cranium houses and protects the delicate brain, while the Axial Skeleton u. Skull • Cranium houses and protects the delicate brain, while the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-13.jpg)
![The Skull © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning The Skull © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-14.jpg)
![The Skull © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning The Skull © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-15.jpg)
![Ribs and Sternum u. Ribs and sternum • 12 pairs of ribs • Sternum Ribs and Sternum u. Ribs and sternum • 12 pairs of ribs • Sternum](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-16.jpg)
![Spinal Column/Vertebrae u. Spinal column/vertebrae • Spine consists of small bones called vertebrae which Spinal Column/Vertebrae u. Spinal column/vertebrae • Spine consists of small bones called vertebrae which](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-17.jpg)
![© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-18.jpg)
![© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-19.jpg)
![APPENDICULAR SKELETON Upper Extremities • Shoulder Girdle • Arms • Hand © 2009 Delmar, APPENDICULAR SKELETON Upper Extremities • Shoulder Girdle • Arms • Hand © 2009 Delmar,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-20.jpg)
![Shoulder Girdle • 2 clavicles (collar bones) • 2 scapulae (shoulder bones) © 2009 Shoulder Girdle • 2 clavicles (collar bones) • 2 scapulae (shoulder bones) © 2009](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-21.jpg)
![Arms • Humerus • Radius • Ulna © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Arms • Humerus • Radius • Ulna © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-22.jpg)
![Hand • 8 carpals (wrist bones) • 5 metacarpals (hand bones) • 14 phalanges Hand • 8 carpals (wrist bones) • 5 metacarpals (hand bones) • 14 phalanges](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-23.jpg)
![Skeletal System • Appendicular skeleton (lower extremities) – Pelvic girdle • Ilium, Ischium and Skeletal System • Appendicular skeleton (lower extremities) – Pelvic girdle • Ilium, Ischium and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-24.jpg)
![Joints • Called articulations – Points of contact between two bones • Diarthroses (movable) Joints • Called articulations – Points of contact between two bones • Diarthroses (movable)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-25.jpg)
![Diarthroses Joints • Movable joints consist of three main parts – Articular cartilage – Diarthroses Joints • Movable joints consist of three main parts – Articular cartilage –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-26.jpg)
![© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-27.jpg)
![Amphiarathroses Joints • Partially movable joints • Cartilage between their articular surfaces • Examples: Amphiarathroses Joints • Partially movable joints • Cartilage between their articular surfaces • Examples:](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-28.jpg)
![© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-29.jpg)
![Synarthroses Joints • Immovable joints • Connected by tough, fibrous connective tissue • Example: Synarthroses Joints • Immovable joints • Connected by tough, fibrous connective tissue • Example:](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-30.jpg)
![© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-31.jpg)
![Types of Motion • • Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Circumduction Rotation Pronation Supination © Types of Motion • • Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Circumduction Rotation Pronation Supination ©](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-32.jpg)
- Slides: 32
![Chapter 6 Skeletal System 2009 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 6 Skeletal System © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-1.jpg)
Chapter 6 Skeletal System © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Functions Support Protect Movement and anchorage Ligaments are fibrous bands Functions • Support • Protect • Movement and anchorage – Ligaments are fibrous bands](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-2.jpg)
Functions • Support • Protect • Movement and anchorage – Ligaments are fibrous bands that connect bones to bones and cartilage and serve as support for muscles – Tendons are fibrous cords that connect muscles to bone • Mineral storage • Hemopoiesis © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Structure and Formation of Bone Osteocytes Mature bone cell Organic material Structure and Formation of Bone • Osteocytes – Mature bone cell • Organic material](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-3.jpg)
Structure and Formation of Bone • Osteocytes – Mature bone cell • Organic material (flexibility) – Collagen – Jellylike material • Inorganic material (hardness and durability) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Bone Formation Embryonic skeleton initially consists of collagenous protein fibers secreted by osteoblasts Bone Formation • Embryonic skeleton initially consists of collagenous protein fibers secreted by osteoblasts](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-4.jpg)
Bone Formation • Embryonic skeleton initially consists of collagenous protein fibers secreted by osteoblasts • 8 th week of embryonic development, ossification begins – Mineral matter starts to replace previously formed cartilage, creating bone © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![2009 Delmar Cengage Learning © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-5.jpg)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Long Bones Shaft or diaphysis Each end is the epiphysis Covered Long Bones • Shaft or diaphysis • Each end is the epiphysis – Covered](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-6.jpg)
Long Bones • Shaft or diaphysis • Each end is the epiphysis – Covered by articular cartilage • In center is the medullary canal – Yellow bone marrow – Endosteum (lining of the marrow canal) • Red marrow – Ends of long bones – Manufacture some red blood cells and some white blood cells • Periosteum – Covering on outside of the bone © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![2009 Delmar Cengage Learning © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-7.jpg)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Growth Grow in length Ossify from center outward Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Growth Growth • • • Grow in length Ossify from center outward Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Growth](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-8.jpg)
Growth • • • Grow in length Ossify from center outward Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Growth stops when all the epiphyseal cartilage is ossified • Females grow until about 18 years of age • Males grow until about 20 -21 years of age © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![2009 Delmar Cengage Learning © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-9.jpg)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Types of Bones Long Flat Short Irregular 2009 Delmar Cengage Learning Types of Bones • • Long Flat Short Irregular © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-10.jpg)
Types of Bones • • Long Flat Short Irregular © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![2009 Delmar Cengage Learning © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-11.jpg)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Axial Skeleton Skull Ribs and Sternum Spinal Column and Vertebrae Axial Skeleton • Skull • Ribs and Sternum • Spinal Column and Vertebrae ©](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-12.jpg)
Axial Skeleton • Skull • Ribs and Sternum • Spinal Column and Vertebrae © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Axial Skeleton u Skull Cranium houses and protects the delicate brain while the Axial Skeleton u. Skull • Cranium houses and protects the delicate brain, while the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-13.jpg)
Axial Skeleton u. Skull • Cranium houses and protects the delicate brain, while the facial bones guard and support the eyes, ears, nose and mouth • Collectively there are 22 bones in the skull © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![The Skull 2009 Delmar Cengage Learning The Skull © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-14.jpg)
The Skull © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![The Skull 2009 Delmar Cengage Learning The Skull © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-15.jpg)
The Skull © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Ribs and Sternum u Ribs and sternum 12 pairs of ribs Sternum Ribs and Sternum u. Ribs and sternum • 12 pairs of ribs • Sternum](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-16.jpg)
Ribs and Sternum u. Ribs and sternum • 12 pairs of ribs • Sternum or breastbone divided into 3 parts © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Spinal ColumnVertebrae u Spinal columnvertebrae Spine consists of small bones called vertebrae which Spinal Column/Vertebrae u. Spinal column/vertebrae • Spine consists of small bones called vertebrae which](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-17.jpg)
Spinal Column/Vertebrae u. Spinal column/vertebrae • Spine consists of small bones called vertebrae which are separated from each other by pads of cartilage tissue called intervertebral disks • Five sections: cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
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© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![2009 Delmar Cengage Learning © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-19.jpg)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![APPENDICULAR SKELETON Upper Extremities Shoulder Girdle Arms Hand 2009 Delmar APPENDICULAR SKELETON Upper Extremities • Shoulder Girdle • Arms • Hand © 2009 Delmar,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-20.jpg)
APPENDICULAR SKELETON Upper Extremities • Shoulder Girdle • Arms • Hand © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Shoulder Girdle 2 clavicles collar bones 2 scapulae shoulder bones 2009 Shoulder Girdle • 2 clavicles (collar bones) • 2 scapulae (shoulder bones) © 2009](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-21.jpg)
Shoulder Girdle • 2 clavicles (collar bones) • 2 scapulae (shoulder bones) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Arms Humerus Radius Ulna 2009 Delmar Cengage Learning Arms • Humerus • Radius • Ulna © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-22.jpg)
Arms • Humerus • Radius • Ulna © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Hand 8 carpals wrist bones 5 metacarpals hand bones 14 phalanges Hand • 8 carpals (wrist bones) • 5 metacarpals (hand bones) • 14 phalanges](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-23.jpg)
Hand • 8 carpals (wrist bones) • 5 metacarpals (hand bones) • 14 phalanges (finger bones) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Skeletal System Appendicular skeleton lower extremities Pelvic girdle Ilium Ischium and Skeletal System • Appendicular skeleton (lower extremities) – Pelvic girdle • Ilium, Ischium and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-24.jpg)
Skeletal System • Appendicular skeleton (lower extremities) – Pelvic girdle • Ilium, Ischium and Pubis – Legs • Femur (thigh bone) • Tibia and Fibula • Patella (kneecap) – Ankle • 7 tarsal bones • Calcaneus (heel bone) – Foot • 5 metatarsal bones (foot bones) • 14 phalanges (toe bones) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Joints Called articulations Points of contact between two bones Diarthroses movable Joints • Called articulations – Points of contact between two bones • Diarthroses (movable)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-25.jpg)
Joints • Called articulations – Points of contact between two bones • Diarthroses (movable) joints • Amphiarthroses (partially movable) joints • Synarthroses (immovable) joints © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Diarthroses Joints Movable joints consist of three main parts Articular cartilage Diarthroses Joints • Movable joints consist of three main parts – Articular cartilage –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-26.jpg)
Diarthroses Joints • Movable joints consist of three main parts – Articular cartilage – Articular capsule – Synovial membrane – Synovial fluid – Synovial cavity – Bursa sacs • 4 types of diarthroses – – Ball-and-socket joints Hinge joints Pivot joints Gliding joints © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
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© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Amphiarathroses Joints Partially movable joints Cartilage between their articular surfaces Examples Amphiarathroses Joints • Partially movable joints • Cartilage between their articular surfaces • Examples:](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-28.jpg)
Amphiarathroses Joints • Partially movable joints • Cartilage between their articular surfaces • Examples: – Ribs to the spine – Symphysis pubis © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![2009 Delmar Cengage Learning © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-29.jpg)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Synarthroses Joints Immovable joints Connected by tough fibrous connective tissue Example Synarthroses Joints • Immovable joints • Connected by tough, fibrous connective tissue • Example:](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-30.jpg)
Synarthroses Joints • Immovable joints • Connected by tough, fibrous connective tissue • Example: – Adult cranium • Cranial joints called sutures © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![2009 Delmar Cengage Learning © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-31.jpg)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Types of Motion Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Circumduction Rotation Pronation Supination Types of Motion • • Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Circumduction Rotation Pronation Supination ©](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/26e5578cd565b3a36e3d2b5b16925c6e/image-32.jpg)
Types of Motion • • Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Circumduction Rotation Pronation Supination © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
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