Power Point Presentation to Accompany 2011 Delmar Cengage

Power. Point Presentation to Accompany © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Chapter 11 Assessment and Evaluation of Sport Injuries © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2

Objectives • Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: – Explain the difference between assessment, evaluation, and diagnosis of an injury – Describe the various factors that influence the type and severity of athletic injuries – Evaluate an athletic injury using a systematic approach © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 33

Objectives (cont’d. ) • Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to (cont’d. ): – Explain the different methods and reasons for documenting injuries © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 44

Assessment and Evaluation of Athletic Injuries • Orderly collection of objective and subjective data on health status – Based on professional knowledge and knowledge of events that occurred • Knowledge of ATC helps in getting proper aid to the athlete quickly – ATC can evaluate injury, but they cannot diagnose • Licensed health care providers diagnose © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 55

Assessment and Evaluation of Athletic Injuries (cont’d. ) • Diagnosis – What licensed provider states to be the problem, based on skills, expertise, and training • Physician uses all information obtained to arrive at a diagnosis • ATC uses information to set short- and long-term goals for recovery © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 66

Factors Influencing Athletic Injuries • Anthropomorphic data – Size, weight, structure, gender, strength, and maturity level • Mechanism of force – All forces involved at the time of an impact • Speed – Greater speed, greater injury chances © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 77

Factors Influencing Athletic Injuries (cont’d. ) • Protective equipment – Reduces risk of injury – Absorbs and distributes force • Skill level – Beginners are at greater risk © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 88

Recognition and Evaluation • Recognition of injuries – ATC determines probable cause and mechanism of injury • May be based on direct observation or second-hand accounts © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 99

Recognition and Evaluation (cont’d. ) • Primary injury survey – Determining if injury is serious or lifethreatening • ABCs: airway, breathing, and circulation • High-quality bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation can double or triple survival rates from cardiac arrest © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1010

Recognition and Evaluation (cont’d. ) • Secondary injury survey – Methodical evaluation of an athlete’s overall health – H. O. P. S. (history, evaluation, palpation, special tests) method • • Be thorough Gather a history Expose the injury Perform a physical evaluation © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1111

Recognition and Evaluation (cont’d. ) • Observation – Compare the injured side to the uninjured • Palpation – Touching to determine the extent of the injury • Active motion – Athlete attempts to move body part through full range of motion © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1212

Recognition and Evaluation (cont’d. ) • Passive motion – Movement through a range of motion performed by examiner while athlete relaxes muscles • Strength test – Begin isometrically without resistance, and then through the range of motion against resistance © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1313

Recognition and Evaluation (cont’d. ) • Stability test – Investigates ligamentous laxity • Special examinations – Functional activity test • Determines level of activity athlete may resume – Specific sport activity test • Determines if it is safe to resume activities of a particular sport © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1414

Return-to-Play Criteria • Full strength – Damage to surrounding soft tissue must be healed – Muscles supporting injury must be 100% preinjury strength • Free from pain – True pain is an indication of an unhealed injury – Mild soreness is okay © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1515

Return-to-Play Criteria (cont’d. ) • Skill performance tests – Simulate skills required for the sport – Should begin at a low level of intensity and gradually increase © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1616

Return-to-Play Criteria (cont’d. ) • Emotional readiness – Counseling will help the athlete work through any hesitation about returning to play – Athletes who do not perform at 100% will be prone to new injuries – Always ask the athlete if they are ready • An athlete who is hesitant or does not feel ready should not be allowed to return © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1717

Documentation of Injuries • Important for many reasons – Most important is follow-up care – Helps keep the athlete from going without care needed – Database creation helps uncover trends • Allows coaching staff to target areas of concern – Beneficial in case of lawsuits © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1818

Documentation of Injuries (cont’d. ) • Formats for reporting injuries: – SOAP notes – Daily sideline injury reports – Training-room treatment logs – Daily red-cross lists – Athlete medical referral forms © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1919

Conclusion • Athletic injuries are inevitable • Care and treatment of injuries constitute an important aspect of a sports medicine program • Certified athletic trainers complete assessments and write referrals © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2020

Conclusion (cont’d. ) • Physicians diagnose the injury and prescribe a treatment plan • Accurate record keeping is important © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2121