Vital Signs 2009 Delmar Cengage Learning 14 1
![Vital Signs © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Vital Signs © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-1.jpg)
![14: 1 Measuring and Recording Vital Signs (VS) • Vital Signs are defined as 14: 1 Measuring and Recording Vital Signs (VS) • Vital Signs are defined as](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-2.jpg)
![Other Assessments on Patients • Pain—patients asked to rate on scale of 1 to Other Assessments on Patients • Pain—patients asked to rate on scale of 1 to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-3.jpg)
![VS Readings • Accuracy is essential • Report abnormality or change • If unable VS Readings • Accuracy is essential • Report abnormality or change • If unable](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-4.jpg)
![14: 2 Measuring and Recording Temperature • Measures balance between heat lost and heat 14: 2 Measuring and Recording Temperature • Measures balance between heat lost and heat](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-5.jpg)
![Variations in Body Temperature • Normal range 97 - 100 degrees Fahrenheit • Causes Variations in Body Temperature • Normal range 97 - 100 degrees Fahrenheit • Causes](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-6.jpg)
![Causes of Increased Body Temperature • • • Illness Infection Exercise Excitement High temperatures Causes of Increased Body Temperature • • • Illness Infection Exercise Excitement High temperatures](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-7.jpg)
![Causes of Decreased Body Temperature • • • Starvation or fasting Sleep Decreased muscle Causes of Decreased Body Temperature • • • Starvation or fasting Sleep Decreased muscle](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-8.jpg)
![Thermometers • Clinical thermometers – are used to record temperatures – Glass – consists Thermometers • Clinical thermometers – are used to record temperatures – Glass – consists](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-9.jpg)
![Thermometers (continued) • Reading thermometers and recording results: * Electronic & tympanic thermometers are Thermometers (continued) • Reading thermometers and recording results: * Electronic & tympanic thermometers are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-10.jpg)
![Cleaning Thermometers • Must be cleaned after each use • The procedure will vary Cleaning Thermometers • Must be cleaned after each use • The procedure will vary](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-11.jpg)
![14: 3 Measuring and Recording Pulse • Pressure of the blood pushing against the 14: 3 Measuring and Recording Pulse • Pressure of the blood pushing against the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-12.jpg)
![Measuring and Recording Pulse (continued) • Factors that change pulse rate • Basic principles Measuring and Recording Pulse (continued) • Factors that change pulse rate • Basic principles](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-13.jpg)
![14: 4 Measuring and Recording Respirations • Measures the breathing of a patient • 14: 4 Measuring and Recording Respirations • Measures the breathing of a patient •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-14.jpg)
![Measuring and Recording Respirations (continued) • • • Normal respiratory rate Character of respirations Measuring and Recording Respirations (continued) • • • Normal respiratory rate Character of respirations](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-15.jpg)
![14: 5 Graphing TPR • Graphic sheets are special records used for recording TPR 14: 5 Graphing TPR • Graphic sheets are special records used for recording TPR](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-16.jpg)
![Graphing TPR (continued) • Graphic charts are legal records – so it must be Graphing TPR (continued) • Graphic charts are legal records – so it must be](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-17.jpg)
![14: 6 Measuring and Recording Apical Pulse • Pulse count taken at the apex 14: 6 Measuring and Recording Apical Pulse • Pulse count taken at the apex](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-18.jpg)
![Measuring and Recording Apical Pulse (continued) • Pulse deficit – a condition that occurs Measuring and Recording Apical Pulse (continued) • Pulse deficit – a condition that occurs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-19.jpg)
![14: 7 Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure • Measurement of the pressure the blood 14: 7 Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure • Measurement of the pressure the blood](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-20.jpg)
![Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure (continued) • • • Systolic pressure Diastolic pressure Pulse Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure (continued) • • • Systolic pressure Diastolic pressure Pulse](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-21.jpg)
![Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure (continued) • Individual factors can all influence blood pressure Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure (continued) • Individual factors can all influence blood pressure](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-22.jpg)
![Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure (continued) • Factors to follow for accurate readings • Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure (continued) • Factors to follow for accurate readings •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-23.jpg)
![Summary • Vital signs are major indicators of body function • Accuracy of measurement Summary • Vital signs are major indicators of body function • Accuracy of measurement](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-24.jpg)
- Slides: 24
![Vital Signs 2009 Delmar Cengage Learning Vital Signs © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-1.jpg)
Vital Signs © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![14 1 Measuring and Recording Vital Signs VS Vital Signs are defined as 14: 1 Measuring and Recording Vital Signs (VS) • Vital Signs are defined as](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-2.jpg)
14: 1 Measuring and Recording Vital Signs (VS) • Vital Signs are defined as various determinations that provide basic information about the basic conditions of the patient • The 4 main vital signs (VS) – – Temperature (T) Pulse (P) Respiration (R) Blood pressure (BP) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Other Assessments on Patients Painpatients asked to rate on scale of 1 to Other Assessments on Patients • Pain—patients asked to rate on scale of 1 to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-3.jpg)
Other Assessments on Patients • Pain—patients asked to rate on scale of 1 to 10 (1 is minimal and 10 is severe) • Color of skin • Size of pupils and reaction to light • Level of consciousness • Response to stimuli © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![VS Readings Accuracy is essential Report abnormality or change If unable VS Readings • Accuracy is essential • Report abnormality or change • If unable](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-4.jpg)
VS Readings • Accuracy is essential • Report abnormality or change • If unable to get reading, ask another person to check • As a health care worker, it is your responsibility to measure and record the VS of your patients © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![14 2 Measuring and Recording Temperature Measures balance between heat lost and heat 14: 2 Measuring and Recording Temperature • Measures balance between heat lost and heat](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-5.jpg)
14: 2 Measuring and Recording Temperature • Measures balance between heat lost and heat produced in the body • Heat produced by metabolism of food and by muscle and gland activity • Homeostasis: constant state of balance in the body • Conversion between Fahrenheit and Celsius temperature © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Variations in Body Temperature Normal range 97 100 degrees Fahrenheit Causes Variations in Body Temperature • Normal range 97 - 100 degrees Fahrenheit • Causes](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-6.jpg)
Variations in Body Temperature • Normal range 97 - 100 degrees Fahrenheit • Causes of variations –individual differences, time of day, body sites • Temperature measurements—oral, rectal (often used on infants/children), axillary (arm pit) or groin, aural (ear), and temporal (forehead-is measuring the temp in the temporal artery) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Causes of Increased Body Temperature Illness Infection Exercise Excitement High temperatures Causes of Increased Body Temperature • • • Illness Infection Exercise Excitement High temperatures](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-7.jpg)
Causes of Increased Body Temperature • • • Illness Infection Exercise Excitement High temperatures in the environment © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Causes of Decreased Body Temperature Starvation or fasting Sleep Decreased muscle Causes of Decreased Body Temperature • • • Starvation or fasting Sleep Decreased muscle](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-8.jpg)
Causes of Decreased Body Temperature • • • Starvation or fasting Sleep Decreased muscle activity Mouth breathing Exposure to cold temperatures in the environment • Certain diseases © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Thermometers Clinical thermometers are used to record temperatures Glass consists Thermometers • Clinical thermometers – are used to record temperatures – Glass – consists](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-9.jpg)
Thermometers • Clinical thermometers – are used to record temperatures – Glass – consists of a slender glass tube containing mercury or alcohol with red dye, which expands when exposed to heat – Electronic – registers the temp on a viewer in a few seconds – Tympanic – records aural temp in the ear – Temporal – measures the temp in the temporal artery of the forehead – Plastic or paper - contain special chemical dots/strips (continues) that change color when exposed to specific temps © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Thermometers continued Reading thermometers and recording results Electronic tympanic thermometers are Thermometers (continued) • Reading thermometers and recording results: * Electronic & tympanic thermometers are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-10.jpg)
Thermometers (continued) • Reading thermometers and recording results: * Electronic & tympanic thermometers are easily read because of digital displays * Mercury thermometers should be held at eye level & rotated slowly to find the mercury Examples of how to record a temperature: 98. 6 is an oral reading 99. 6 (R) is a rectal reading 97. 9 (Ax) is an axillary reading 98. 6 (A) is an aural reading © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Cleaning Thermometers Must be cleaned after each use The procedure will vary Cleaning Thermometers • Must be cleaned after each use • The procedure will vary](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-11.jpg)
Cleaning Thermometers • Must be cleaned after each use • The procedure will vary with different agencies and thermometers • Glass thermometers are cleaned with water and soaked in a disinfectant solution (70% alcohol) for a minimum of 30 minutes before using again • Electronic/digital thermometers use a probe or sheath that is discarded after each use © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![14 3 Measuring and Recording Pulse Pressure of the blood pushing against the 14: 3 Measuring and Recording Pulse • Pressure of the blood pushing against the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-12.jpg)
14: 3 Measuring and Recording Pulse • Pressure of the blood pushing against the wall of an artery as the heart beats and rests • Major arterial or pulse sites • Pulse rate • Pulse rhythm • Pulse volume (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Measuring and Recording Pulse continued Factors that change pulse rate Basic principles Measuring and Recording Pulse (continued) • Factors that change pulse rate • Basic principles](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-13.jpg)
Measuring and Recording Pulse (continued) • Factors that change pulse rate • Basic principles for taking radial pulse • Recording information © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![14 4 Measuring and Recording Respirations Measures the breathing of a patient 14: 4 Measuring and Recording Respirations • Measures the breathing of a patient •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-14.jpg)
14: 4 Measuring and Recording Respirations • Measures the breathing of a patient • Process of taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide from the lungs and respiratory tract • One respiration: one inspiration (breathing in) and one expiration (breathing out) (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Measuring and Recording Respirations continued Normal respiratory rate Character of respirations Measuring and Recording Respirations (continued) • • • Normal respiratory rate Character of respirations](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-15.jpg)
Measuring and Recording Respirations (continued) • • • Normal respiratory rate Character of respirations Rhythm of respirations Abnormal respirations Voluntary control of respirations Record information © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![14 5 Graphing TPR Graphic sheets are special records used for recording TPR 14: 5 Graphing TPR • Graphic sheets are special records used for recording TPR](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-16.jpg)
14: 5 Graphing TPR • Graphic sheets are special records used for recording TPR (temp. , pulse, resp. ) • Presents a visual diagram • Used most often in hospitals and long term care facilities • Factors affecting VS are often noted on the graph - - examples include surgery, medications that lower temperature such as aspirin and antibiotics (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Graphing TPR continued Graphic charts are legal records so it must be Graphing TPR (continued) • Graphic charts are legal records – so it must be](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-17.jpg)
Graphing TPR (continued) • Graphic charts are legal records – so it must be neat, legible, and accurate • To correct an error mark a single line through the error and initial beside it © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![14 6 Measuring and Recording Apical Pulse Pulse count taken at the apex 14: 6 Measuring and Recording Apical Pulse • Pulse count taken at the apex](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-18.jpg)
14: 6 Measuring and Recording Apical Pulse • Pulse count taken at the apex of the heart with a stethoscope • Reasons for taking an apical pulse – pts with irregular heart beats, hardening of the arteries, weak or rapid radial pulses • Protect the patient’s privacy and avoid exposure • 2 heart sounds “lubb-dupp” = 1 heart beat (continues) • Abnormal sounds or beats should be reported immediately © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Measuring and Recording Apical Pulse continued Pulse deficit a condition that occurs Measuring and Recording Apical Pulse (continued) • Pulse deficit – a condition that occurs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-19.jpg)
Measuring and Recording Apical Pulse (continued) • Pulse deficit – a condition that occurs with some heart conditions – when the apical pulse rate is higher than the pulse rate on other sites on the body • Use the stethoscope : diaphragm side • Placement of stethoscope : 2 -3 in. to the left of the breast bone • Measuring apical pulse : count for 1 full min. • Record all information © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![14 7 Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure Measurement of the pressure the blood 14: 7 Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure • Measurement of the pressure the blood](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-20.jpg)
14: 7 Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure • Measurement of the pressure the blood exerts on the walls of the arteries during the various stages of heart activity • Measured in millimeters of mercury on a sphygmomanometer • Measurements read at two points (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure continued Systolic pressure Diastolic pressure Pulse Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure (continued) • • • Systolic pressure Diastolic pressure Pulse](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-21.jpg)
Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure (continued) • • • Systolic pressure Diastolic pressure Pulse pressure Hypertension—high blood pressure Hypotension—low blood pressure Factors influencing blood pressure readings (high or low) (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure continued Individual factors can all influence blood pressure Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure (continued) • Individual factors can all influence blood pressure](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-22.jpg)
Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure (continued) • Individual factors can all influence blood pressure readings • Types of sphygmomanometers – Mercury – Aneroid – Electronic (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure continued Factors to follow for accurate readings Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure (continued) • Factors to follow for accurate readings •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-23.jpg)
Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure (continued) • Factors to follow for accurate readings • Record all required information • Do not discuss the reading with the patient; it’s the doctor’s responsibility © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Summary Vital signs are major indicators of body function Accuracy of measurement Summary • Vital signs are major indicators of body function • Accuracy of measurement](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/30317b00a3bdeecfa4f5f39263516632/image-24.jpg)
Summary • Vital signs are major indicators of body function • Accuracy of measurement and recording of vital signs • The health care worker needs to be alert and report any abnormalities © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
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