Chapter 23 Electrical Accessories 2015 Cengage Learning All

Chapter 23 Electrical Accessories © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Windshield Wiper/Washer Systems • Found on all front windshields • Often on rear windshields • Some vehicles have headlight wiper/washers © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Windshield Wiper/Washer Systems • Permanent magnet wiper circuits – Are the most common design – Speed is controlled by the placement of the brushes on the commutator – Three brushes are used – Park switch supplies voltage to motor after the wiper switch is turned off © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Three Brush Motor © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Windshield Wiper Systems (Cont. ) • Electromagnetic field wiper circuits – Use two fields that are wired in opposite directions - the shunt field and the series field – A ground side switch determines the path of current flow and motor speed – The shunt field reduces motor speed – In high speed the shunt field ground has resistance, reducing current flow © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Three-Speed Motors • The control switch and resistors determine motor speed • For low speed both coils have equal current flow • Medium speed sends current flow through a resistor before the shunt coil • High speed places a higher resistance in the shunt field circuit © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Wiper Linkage and Blades • Several arms and pivots comprise wiper linkage • The motor spins and rotates linkage • A few systems use two motors instead of linkage © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Intermittent Wiper Designs • Most are controlled by an electronic module – The module may be mounted on the steering column or on the wiper motor • Some vehicles incorporate this function in the body control module • A variable resistor is commonly used as an input © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Intermittent Wiper Control © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Rain Sensing Wipers • Use a sensor that transmits infrared light onto windshield surface • A dry windshield reflects light back to the sensor • Water on the windshield reduces the reflected light © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Rain Sensing Wipers (Cont. ) © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Speed-Sensitive Wipers • Vary the speed or intermittent wiper interval based on vehicle speed • Typically controlled by the BCM • Uses input from the VSS © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Windshield Washers • Most washer systems use a small electric pump installed in the fluid reservoir • A few pump styles operate off of the wiper motor • Some vehicles have washers that clean the headlights © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Washer Reservoir and Pumps © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Headlight Washers © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Wiper Concerns • • • Poor wiping No operation Intermittent operation Continuous operation Wipers will not park © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Wiper System Diagnosis • Diagnosis depends on type of system • May need to use a scan tool to monitor inputs and output commands © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Washer System Service • Check for restrictions in lines and nozzles • Pumps can be checked the same as any electrical circuit • Pumps are replaced when defective © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Knowledge Check • Explain two ways in which wiper motor speeds are controlled. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Horn Circuits • • • Horn switch Slip ring Clockspring Horn relay BCM or similar module © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Horn Diagnosis • Check horn fuse first • Listen for the horn relay to “click” • Test at the relay for power and circuit control © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Clock • Receives power from fuse panel • Some clocks have additional functions as explained in the vehicle owner’s manual © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Cigarette Lighter • Uses a heating element that automatically releases • Most vehicles have power outlets • Outlets appear similar to lighter sockets but often are rated at lower amperages • Can be used to power cell phones and other devices © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Power Outlet © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Blower Motor • Also called interior fan • Circulates air inside passenger compartment • May be resistor controlled or PWM by a blower or HVAC module © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Resistor Blower Control Circuit © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Blower Resistor • Contains three or four resistances wired in series • May contain a thermal limiter • May be combined with a blower relay © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Blower Diagnosis • Determine if inoperative on all speeds or select speeds • May have separate high speed relay • Check for varying voltage at motor • Open resistors and switches are common failures © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Blower Diagnosis (Cont. ) • Automatic climate systems may set DTCs for blower faults • Check scan data • Attempt to command blower operation © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Knowledge Check • An interior fan motor only works on high speed. Technician A says the fan motor is faulty. Technician B says the blower resistor may be faulty. Who is correct? © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Cruise Control Systems • Vacuum Systems – Was the most common system – A transducer senses and controls speed – The servo unit controlled the throttle based on vacuum input from transducer – Had an electrical and vacuum brake-activated switch to disconnect cruise control © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Cruise Control Systems (Cont. ) • Electronic Systems – Use a control module to move a servo or stepper motor – Throttle-by-wire engines do not use separate cruise control module – Cruise system uses VSS and brake position sensor inputs © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Adaptive Cruise Control Maintains speed and distance Can adjust speed to vehicle in front Uses laser or radar If distance decreases between vehicles, the cruise module can apply the brakes • Can increase speed once a safe distance is regained • • © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Cruise Control System Service • Perform a visual inspection of the system – Check cruise indicator lamp operation – Check vacuum hoses – Inspect all wiring – Check the fuses – Check and adjust linkage cables or chains – Check brake light operation © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Cruise Control System Service (Cont. ) • If the system doesn’t work at all – Check the fuse – Check the brake light operation – Check the clutch switch for properation – Check for the presence of vacuum at the servo – Test control switches and speed sensor © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Check Cruise Control Data © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Sound Systems • Antenna – Receives AM and FM signals – Should be 31 inches high • Power Antenna – Motor raises and lowers antenna – Broken cables or defective motors may be replaceable © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Sound Systems (Cont. ) • Satellite Radio – Provides coast-tocoast coverage – Cannot penetrate buildings or tunnels © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Sound Systems (Cont. ) • Phone and Multimedia Systems – Cell phone (Bluetooth) connectivity – DVD entertainment systems – USB and MP 3 connections © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Sound System Diagnosis • Test the system outside, not in a building • Check the vehicle’s ignition system if noise is heard on the radio • Verify that all wires are properly shielded • Check speakers for proper mounting • Always use the manufacturer’s diagnostic procedures © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Speaker Output Testing © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Telematics • The transmission of information • Common automotive applications include: – Tire pressure monitoring – Satellite navigation – Mobile Internet – Airbag deployment notification © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Telematics (Cont. ) © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Voice Activation • Allows for control of various systems, such as phone and navigation • A microphone picks up the driver’s voice • A module translates the command into an action © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Navigation Systems • May use GPS or DVDs for data • May display current traffic and weather conditions © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Vehicle Tracking Systems • Tracks vehicle at owner’s request • May notify if airbags deploy • May allow remote unlocking and starting • Vehicle data available on smartphone © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Power Lock Systems • Reversible motors • Power and ground supplied through the switch • May automatically lock doors when transmission is shifted from park or at a certain speed © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Power Trunk Release • Uses a switch and a solenoid • Voltage applied through the switch to the solenoid © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Diagnosis • If none of the locks work, check the circuit protection device • If system only locks or unlocks, check the relays if equipped • If only one door operates, check that door actuator • Perform a switch test • Check trunk release fuse first, then switch © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Power Windows • • • Master control switch Individual control switches Individual window drive motors Express-down module Lock-out or disable switch © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Power Window Motor © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Circuit Operation • Reversible motors operate when power and ground are applied • Express windows use a module to control window movement • Controlled by the BCM and may need reenabled if power is lost • Some systems have obstacle sensing to prevent closing © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Power Window System © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Diagnosis • Determine if whole system or part is not working • Use the system wiring schematic to determine the proper diagnostic procedure • Test the circuit breaker for the presence of voltage on both sides • Use a jumper wire to test the motor • Use a voltmeter or scan tool to check the switches © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Scan Tool Diagnosis © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Knowledge Check • Only the driver’s door window will operate. Technician A says the power window fuse may be open. Technician B says the window lockout switch may be on. Who is correct? © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Power Seat Types • Two-way – Moves the seat forward and backward • Four-way – Moves the seat forward, backward, up, and down • Six-way – Moves the seat forward, backward, up, down, front tilt, and rear tilt © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Diagnosis • Visually inspect wires and connections • Test for available voltage at the switch • Use a continuity chart, if available, to check the switch • If the switch tests good, test the motors • Unusual noises can be caused by the motor, transmission, or cables © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Power Seat Circuit © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Other Seat Options • Temperature-controlled seats – Can be either heated or cooled • Power lumbar supports – Inflate or deflate an air bladder for spine support • Memory seats – Automatic repositioning based on driver preference • Adaptive and active seating – Provides discrete stimulation to prevent fatigue © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Power Mirror System • A “joystick” allows control of both mirrors from one switch • Dual motor drive assemblies are located in each mirror assembly • Some systems automatically adjust for parking maneuvers © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Inside Mirrors • Some automatically adjust for day/night driving • May have a compass display • Electrochromic mirrors adjust reflection based on intensity of light striking the mirror © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Rear-Window Defroster and Heated Mirror Systems • Rear-window defroster heats surface – Circuit has a switch, relay, and heating element © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Diagnosis • Common problem is damage to defroster grid • When a segment of the grid is damaged, the circuit opens • This leaves sections unheated © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Other Accessories • Adjustable pedals – Electric motor moves both pedals up to about three inches – May be part of memory seat function • Heated windshield – Uses a micro-thin coating within laminate – Directs generator output to windshield © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Other Accessories (Cont. ) • • Moon (sun) roof Retractable hardtops Night vision i. Drive – Used to control climate, entertainment, and all active driving control functions © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Other Accessories (Cont. ) • Blind spot detection – Uses radar sensors mounted on bumper • Rear view cameras – Displays view on dash mounted screen • Parking assist – Radar sensors detect close objects © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Blind Spot Detection © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Rear View Cameras © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Other Accessories (Cont. ) • Self-parking – On vehicles with electric steering • Navigation system • Vehicle tracking system • Voice activation system © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Security and Anti-Theft Systems • Pass-Key System – Uses a special resistance or transponder key • Keyless Entry System – May use a keypad mounted on the door or a remote key fob • Smart Keys – Can lock/unlock doors, allow engine start © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Lane Departure • Use cameras to detect position in lane • Warnings alert the driver the vehicle is wandering © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Garage Door Opening • Programmable garage door opening remote • May also activate gates, home security systems, and other transmitter operated devices © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Locks and Keys • Many vehicles use special keys which communicate with antitheft systems © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Smart Keys • Used with push button start systems • Key must be inside the vehicle for the engine to start © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Keyless Entry • Allows access without a traditional key • May use remote key fob • Some vehicles use a keypad © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Alarm Systems • Can be active or passive • Passive systems switch on automatically • Active systems are activated with remote, keypad, key, or switch • If a switch is activated the alarm sounds • Can prevent the engine from starting © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.