Occupational Health Environmental Safety Division Air Purifying Respirators

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Air Purifying Respirators All Statements, technical information and recommendations contained herein are based on data we believe to be reliable, but the accuracy or completeness thereof is not guaranteed. There is no representation, warranty, guarantee or other obligation of 3 M or its employees arising out of this presentation. Please refer to specific products packaging, user instructions and related documents for complete details. 3 M shall not be liable for any loss damage, whether direct, incidental, special or consequential arising out the sale, use or misuse of 3 M OH&ES products or the users inability to use such product. 3 M Confidential, © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Training Objectives At the end of the course, participants should be able to; § Describe the essential elements of a respiratory program. § Understand the regulatory requirements. § Describe the qualitative fit testing process. 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 1

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Course Contents: Section 1: Legislative Requirements A. Provincial / Federal Details B. Respiratory Program Responsibilities Section 2: Respiratory Protection 101 A. Basics B. Definitions C. Selection Process & Hazard Ratios Section 3: Fit-Testing & Quiz 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 2

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Section 1: Legislative Requirements 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 3

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Provincial § Occupational Health and Safety Act § References CSA Z 94. 4– 18 Federal § Canada Labour Code Part II § References CSA Standard Z 94. 4 -18 § CSA - Canadian Standards Association. § § Develops safety standards NIOSH - National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. § Research body 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 4

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division A. PROVINCIAL / FEDERAL DETAILS 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 5

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division CSA Standards Across Canada As of October 2008 ‘ 82 ‘ 93 Breathe Safer & ‘ 93 ‘ 02 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights ‘ 02 ‘ 93 ’ 93 ‘ 02 ’ 93 6

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division B. RESPIRATORY PROGRAM RESPONSIBILITIES (Essential Roles) As per CSA 2002 (For Alberta) 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 7

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Employer Responsibilities To ensure that: § The work site is evaluated and hazards eliminated or minimized. § The appropriate respiratory protection is available to do the job. § Workers are trained in the use of respirators. § Respiratory equipment is properly maintained. § Supervisors understand safe work procedures. n Emergency work site procedures are developed and practiced by supervisors or workers. See CSA Standard 2002, 3. 2 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 8

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Supervisor’s Responsibilities The Supervisor shall: § § § Advise workers of danger, actual and potential. Train workers. Provide safe work procedures. Ensure PPE is worn correctly. Enforce use of PPE. Document these activities where required. CSA Standard Z 94. 4 ’ 02. 4. 3 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 9

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Employee’s Responsibilities The Employee shall: § Fit tested prior to utilizing respirator in the field. § Use correct respirator and cartridge/filter. § Use respirator properly. § Report problems to supervisor. § Not void NIOSH warranty. 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 10

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Section 2: Respiratory Protection 101 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 11

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Major Routes of Entry Inhalation Ingestion Absorption Puncture 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 12

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Natural Defensive Measures Against Particulates • Nose Hairs • > 10 microns • Cilia • Move particle 1 inch / hr • Mucus • Reflexes • Cough, sneeze 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 13

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Definitions § OEL – Occupational Exposure Limit § TLV – Threshold Limit Values (ACGIH) § PEL – Permissible Exposure Limits (US OSHA) § TWA – Time Weighted Average (8 -hour) § STEL – Short Term Exposure Limits (15 -min) § C – Ceiling (instantaneous) 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 14

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Forms of Contaminants PARTICULATES (filters) GAS / VAPOUR (cartridges) GAS DUST FIBER MIST BIOLOGICAL Virus/bacteria/mold, etc. VAPOUR SMOKE FUME 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 15

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Do OEL’s for Biological Agents Exist? No exposure limits, such as Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL) or Threshold Limit Values® (TLV) are established for biological agents such as mould, fungi and SARS. 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 16

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Contaminant Effect on Workers § Acute § Short term or immediate response. § Effect occurs in minutes / hours. § Chronic § Long term response. § Effect occurs in months / years. 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 17

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Hierarchy of Protection Controls Engineering Administrative PPE So what do you need to know if respiratory protection is required? 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 18

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Hazard Assessment § § § Form (what is it) Presence (where, what concentration, in what form) Who is exposed? Extent of hazard Concentration 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 19

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Typical Hazard Assessment (Air Sampling) Need to consider: § What are you sampling? § Where are you sampling? § How are you sampling? § When are you sampling? § Who is sampling 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 20

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Other Hazard Assessment Resources § MSDS (WHMIS 1998) / SDS (GHS 2015) § Safety professionals 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 21

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Respirator Selection Process Considerations: § Regulatory requirements § Use time period § Air sampling and analyses § § Occupational Exposure Limits and Hazard Ratios (APF required) § Limitations of respirators (whether manufacturer limitations or practical use limitations) § Oxygen concentration § IDLH § Respirator fit 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights Interaction with PPE 22

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division What Level of Protection is Required? APF- Assigned Protection Factor: The anticipated level of respiratory protection that would be provided by a properly functioning respirator or class of respirators to properly fitted and trained users. CSA Z 94. 4 -18 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 23

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Assigned Protection Factors Respirator Type CSA NIOSH Z 94. 4 -02 2004 Selection Logic 2 Air Purifying Half Facepiece 10 10 Full Facepiece 10 / 1001 102 / 503 Loose-fitting facepiece 25 25 Half facepiece 50 50 Full facepiece 1000 50 Helmet or hood 1000 25 Supplied Air Loose fitting facepiece 25 25 Continuous Flow Supplied Air Half facepiece 50 50 Full facepiece 1000 50 Helmet or hood 1000 25 Powered Air Purifying 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 24

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division HAZARD RATIOS! Hazard Ratio (HR): The estimated/measured airborne concentration of a substance divided by the occupational exposure limit. HR = Airborne Concentration Occup. Exposure Limit 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 25

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Example – Hazard Ratio The concentration of toluene in worker’s environment is 200 ppm. When calculating of what type of respirator/cartridge to use, this value needs to be taken under consideration. HR of Toluene HR = 200 ppm 50 ppm Measured in the worker’s environment OEL for Toluene ∴HR = 4 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 26

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Types of Respirators Air Purifying § Filtering facepiece § Elastomeric facepiece § Powered air - helmets, hoods, facepiece Air Supplying § Air line from compressor or cylinder § Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 27

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Negative Pressure Air Purifying Respirator When inhaling, a negative pressure is created in the respirator. Ambient air flows through a filter or cartridge which removes the contaminants. The clean air continues into the respirator and to the lungs. Particle Gas/Vapour Filter Media 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 28

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Positive Pressure Air Purifying Respirators • Motor/blower unit pulls ambient air through a filter or cartridge. • Contaminants are removed • Forces purified air into the breathing zone Motor/ Blower Filter 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 29

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Cartridge or Filter: § Dusts, mists, smoke, fumes and fibers § N/R/P classification Cartridge: § Gases and vapours § Specific to hazard 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 31

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Filter Classifications 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 32

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division The 0. 1 to 0. 5 particle size range! 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 33

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Particulate Size Examples Visible by electron microscope Visible by human eye Viruses Welding fume Tobacco smoke Bacteria Industrial mists Pollen Human hair Dust Fog 0. 01 0. 1 1. 0 10 Mists & drizzle 100 Rain 10000 Total Inhalable Particle diameter - microns 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights (1 mm = 1, 000 microns) 34

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Color Coding for Chemical Cartridges Cartridge Type Colour Organic Vapour Black Acid Gases White Organic Vapour / Acid Gases Yellow Ammonia / Methylamine Green Formaldehyde Olive Green Multi-Gas and Vapour Khaki Green Mercury Vapour / Chlorine Gas Orange ESLI for Hg ESLI = End of Service Life Cartridges can be fitted with pre-filters for a combination of particulate and chemical protection 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 35

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Warning Properties and Odour Thresholds Good Warning Properties § Irritation, odour or taste can be detected at concentrations well below the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) or Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL). Odour Threshold § Lowest concentration at which a chemical can be detected by smell. Chemical Name Odour Threshold TLV or OEL Toluene 0. 16 – 37 PPM 50 PPM n-hexane 65 – 248 PPM 50 PPM Carbon Monoxide 100, 000 PPM 25 PPM 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 36

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Replacement Criteria Filter § Physically damaged. § Increased breathing resistance. § Replace after every use against infectious contaminants. § Regular change out schedule. Cartridge § Physically damaged. § When you detect smell, taste, or irritation. § Regular change out schedule. 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 37

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Change Out Schedule § May be based on: § An end of service life indicator (ESLI) § Good warning properties (odour, irritation, taste) § Breathing resistance (airflow in PAPR’s) § Maximum Use Time Calculations (qualified person) • Now allows for change out schedules for chemicals with poor warning properties calculated by a qualified person § Supplied air for contaminants with poor warning properties unless the maximum use time can be calculated! 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 38

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Limitations of Supplied Air You have approval to use when: § Can be used for entry and escape from oxygen deficient atmospheres, dust, mist, gases and vapours at temperatures above -25ºC, and below 71ºC. § Compressed air cylinder is fully charged with air meeting CSA CAN 3 -Z 180. 1. § Air is supplied through an air hose (not exceed 300 ft and within the pressure range of 8 to 125 psi) 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 39

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Malfunction & Emergency Procedures § Leave contaminated area § Find the cause of failure § Alert the supervisor § Follow company procedure for missing or damaged parts or dispose of respirator 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 40

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Training Matrix (CSA Z 94. 4 Roles and Respon. Selection Process Med. Assessment Fit General X X Limitations Knowledge Care and Practical Use Repair and Maintenance Testing X X X – 02) Program Admin. User X X X Supervisor X X X Selector X Fit Tester X Issuer X Mainten. Personnel X Health Care Prof. X X 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights X X X X X 41

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Fit Testing Frequency § Users § AB, SK: every two years § BC: annual 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 42

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Health Surveillance / Screening § Goal is to detect health problems early when there is time to prevent permanent or debilitating injury. § Ensure person is able to wear and use a negative pressure respirator § Health of person § Type of respirator worn § Job and workplace conditions § Susceptible conditions-allergies, claustrophobia, asthma § Person is able to complete fit test § Health screening should be completed before the fit test 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 43

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Required Cartridge/Filter QLFT Agents Bitter/ Iso amyl Sweet Acetate Particulate filters (95/99/100) Organic vapour OV/AG/100 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights Irritant Smoke X X X 44

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Basic Respirator User Training § Responsibilities of the worker in the program § Medical Assessment (and why) § Fit testing (why and how) § Respirators (care and practical use) § Choice of the appropriate respirator for the specific hazard § Operation of respirator. Make sure the following is discussed: • User seal checks • Care, cleaning & inspection • Change out of filters/cartridges • Failure • Storage, maintenance, manufacturer’s use instructions § Restrictions & limitations per regulations and manufacturer 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 45

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Maintenance and Storage Maintenance n Follow manufacturer’s instructions Storage n n Follow manufacturer’s instructions Protect from dust, sunlight, temperature, chemicals 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 46

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Inspection Before use check for: § Cracks, tears, dirt and fatiguing § Inhalation/exhalation valves § Head straps § Filter gaskets § Filter/cartridge 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 47

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Cleaning vs. Sanitizing Clean • disassemble • warm soapy water • brush gently • rinse thoroughly Sanitize (example) • soak in sodium hypochlorite • CSA: 50 PPM • 3 M: 200 PPM = 30 ml in 7. 5 litres • Ammonia and iodine solutions can work as well • rinse thoroughly 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 48

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Replacement Parts 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 49

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Prior to the Scheduled Day § Communication § § § Notify the respirator wearer and supervisor about the scheduled fittesting Must be clean shaven Nothing to eat/drink/smoke/chew gum 15 minutes before Medical evaluation is complete and approved Bring additional PPE – eyewear, hearing protection, etc. Type of respirator protection has been selected § Facilities § § § Room ventilation Adequate space Chairs and tables, etc. 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 50

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Fit-Testing Requirement Review § Qualitative or quantitative fit testing must be used. § A fit test must be used to select a specific make or model of respirator used by each employee. § Fit testing frequency: § Must be completed before respirator use § Must be repeated every two years (semi annually) § Plus whenever work conditions necessitate a change in the type of respirator worn § Location specific regulatory requirements § When other PPE are required to be worn, these shall be worn during the fit test. § Fit test results must be recorded. 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 51

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Factors Affecting Facial Fit § Weight gain or loss § Facial hair § Wrinkles, scars, acne, make-up § Facial structure § Dentures § Fort Mc Murray Pubs Late at Night 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 52

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Qualitative Fit Test Kit 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 53

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Sensitivity Test § First step in a 2 step process for the fit test § To assure that subject is able to taste challenge agent § To assign level of sensitivity. § S 10, 20 or 30* § Preparation of the subject § Document 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 54

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Using the Nebulizer Sensitivity 10 Sensitivity 20 Sensitivity 30 (1 -10) (11 -20) (21 -30) 10 squeezes to start 20 squeezes to start 30 squeezes to start 5 squeezes every 30 seconds 10 squeezes every 30 seconds 15 squeezes every 30 seconds 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 55

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Step 2: Fit Test § Second step in a 2 step process for the fit test § Use fit testing solution or smoke § Sensitivity test before fit test § Series of 7 exercises § each exercise = 30 seconds • Normal breathing • Deep breathing • Head side to side • Head up and down • Head down • Talking • Normal breathing 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 56

Occupational Health & Environmental Safety Division Congratulations!!!! You have now completed the 3 M Respiratory Course 3 M Privileged and Confidential Information, © 3 M 2007. All Rights 57