Job Safety Environmental Analysis Job Safety Environmental Analysis

Job Safety& Environmental Analysis

Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA) Statistics indicate that the most frequent way workers are killed is through: • Falls • Not recognizing the dangers of machinery • Electrocution

Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA) • Management processes must be in place to ensure workers have the skills to complete the job and that there is a required level of supervision to ensure tasks are completed properly. • Processes to monitor do not need to require a lot of time or paperwork. • Take a few minutes before each significant task to evaluate the situation.

Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA) Two Kinds of Analysis: 1. Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA): • Best used for stationary or repetitive tasks. • Determines physical requirements, environmental conditions and safety factors relating to the task.

Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA) Steps of a JSEA • Write down the steps of the task. Determine where a change in activity, change in direction or movement takes place. • Identify hazard and mitigate it if possible. • Recommend actions for hazard mitigation and control measures.

Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA) • Control measures may include: • Administrative controls such as training, hazardous energy control, or changing how the task is completed. • Engineering controls such as mechanical assistance, equipment redesign, housekeeping or ventilation. • Personal Protective Equipment such as respiratory equipment, hearing protection or clothing.

Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA) • Develop a worksite diagram that includes identified hazards and evacuation routes, and assembly area. • Conduct a tailgate safety meeting with affected parties. • Use the Stop Work Authority when work deviates from the analysis document.

Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA) • The most effective time to perform a JSEA is dictated by the specific environment as well as the turnover of new employees. • Before work is the recommended time to conduct a JSEA.

Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA) 2. Job Hazard Analysis (JHA): • Focuses on the relationship between the worker, task, tools and the work environment. • Supervisors can use the findings of a JHA to eliminate and prevent hazards in their workplace.

Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA) Use of JHAs may lead to: • Fewer worker injuries and illnesses. • Safer, more effective work methods. • Reduced workers’ compensation costs. • Increased worker productivity.

Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA) • Using JSEA and JHA approaches recognizes that different trades do different tasks. • Many tasks are done routinely and done safely but some are not. • Luck should not be a part of whether someone gets hurt or not.

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Hazard Communication (Right to Know Standard)

Hazard Communication • There are two basic types of chemical hazards the regulation applies to – Health and Physical. • Chemicals are present in all aspects of our lives, home and work. Chemicals present a hazard when they are not properly used, stored, labeled, mixed and handled. • The “Right to Know” standard is important so that you may protect yourself from chemical hazard injury.

Hazard Communication Health Hazards • When a chemical shows significant evidence of a potential injury or illness, when in contact with the chemical through absorption. • Body Surface • Ingestion • Inhalation • Body Openings

Hazard Communication Physical Hazards • When the chemical has evidence that it is a compressed gas, oxidizer, reactive, organic peroxide, pyrophoric, explosive and flammable. • Chemicals in one state might be harmless, while in another state they are life threatening.

Hazard Communication Physical Hazards • Examples of physical hazards exist when chemical hazards are: • Oxidized • Explosive • Unstable (reactive) • Combustible • Flammable • Pyrophoric

Hazard Communication Classification of Hazards • The seven most common classifications of hazards are: • Irritant – causes swelling or rash on the skin from the chemical coming in contact with the body. • Reactive – chemical materials that are self explosive or violent when used with another substance under certain temperatures, pressure or shock.

Hazard Communication Classification of Hazards • Flammable – chemical materials with a flash point below 100° Fahrenheit. The flash point is achieved when the liquid or solid gives off enough vapor to ignite. • Corrosive – chemical materials which cause a bad burn to the skin such as acids and ammonia.

Hazard Communication Classification of Hazards • Explosive – a sudden release of gas and heat when subjected to sudden pressure, shock or high temperatures. • Radioactive – materials which give off harmful radiation which may cause death or serious lifetime physical effects.

Hazard Communication Classification of Hazards • Toxic – a toxic chemical may cause serious injury or death when exposed through the skin, swallowing, breathing, or through body openings. • Factors that determine the toxicity are: • Length of exposure • Chemical combination • Sensitivity • Amount of exposure

Hazard Communication Entry Ways for Chemical Exposure • Skin – some effects are skin burn, irritation, or rash without the use of proper PPE. • Inhalation/Breathing – inhaling of toxic vapors or dust from chemical exposure without air breathing equipment.

Hazard Communication Entry Ways for Chemical Exposure • Ingestion – accidentally swallowing chemicals when coming in contact with items such as food or drink. Wash hands before eating or drinking. • Body Openings – Eyes, ears, mouth and cuts. Proper PPE is critical to reduce this exposure.

Hazard Communication Container Labeling • The Hazcom standard requires all containers (in use or in storage) of hazardous chemicals to include three information items on each container label. • Chemical name • Hazardous warnings • Name and address of the manufacturer or inspector

Hazard Communication Container Labeling • In plant chemical labels must also include on the container the target organ which may be effected and how. • Labels may also include what PPE should be used during handling. • Unlabeled containers must be reported to your supervisor before handling the chemical.

Hazard Communication Labeling Agencies • Containers may have one or a combination of labels which represent the four standard labeling agencies. • National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) • Department of Transportation (DOT) • American National Standards Institute (ANSI) • Hazardous Material Information System (HMIS)

Hazard Communication National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) • Label has a diamond design using four squares for hazard designation. Red = Flammability Yellow = Reactivity White = Special Hazard Blue = Health 0=least hazardous 4=most hazardous

Hazard Communication Department of Transportation (DOT) § Label has a diamond design and is color coded to represent the different hazards. Orange = Explosive White = Toxic Black & White – Corrosive Yellow = Oxidizer Yellow & White = Radioactive Red = Flammable Red Striped = Solid Flammable

Hazard Communication American National Standards Institute (ANSI) § Square shaped with information labeled in one of four categories: 1. Flammable 2. Toxic 3. Reactive 4. Corrosive Danger, Warning and Caution may also be used for additional information.

Hazard Communication Hazardous Material Information System (HMIS) • Square shaped with four categories noted by the hazard number 0 -4. 1. Health 2. Flammability 3. Reactivity 4. PPE

Hazard Communication Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) • MSDS are required to be available for each chemical that an employee will be handling. • There are nine areas of information regarding the identification, safe use and hazards of the chemical. • You need to be familiar with the MSDS before an emergency arises.

Hazard Communication Identification § Contains contact information about the chemical manufacturer, which can be important in the event of an emergency.

Hazard Communication Hazardous Components • Scientific name and common name of the chemical are listed here. • Exposure limited are also found here.

Hazard Communication Physical/Chemical Characteristics Section • Indicates boiling point, vapor pressure and density, melting point, specific gravity, appearance and odor.

Hazard Communication Fire & Explosion Hazard Data Section • Provides information on explosive and fire properties, special procedures and general extinguishing information.

Hazard Communication Reactivity Data • Rates the chemical stability, hazardous decomposition or byproducts.

Hazard Communication Health Hazard Data • Relates to health hazards (acute and chronic) symptoms, routes of entry and target organs.

Hazard Communication Health Hazard Data cont. • Relates to health hazards (acute and chronic) symptoms, routes of entry and target organs.

Hazard Communication Precautions for Safe Handling and Use • Covers steps to be taken in case of a spill or release of the chemical; waste disposal and storage procedure.

Hazard Communication Special Protection • What PPE should be worn to reduce exposure and ventilation requirements.

Hazard Communication Special Precaution § This section does not appear on all MSDS forms; however, if included it will explain required handling and storing precautions.

Hazard Communication PPE • The purpose of PPE is to prevent injury or illness when handling hazardous or toxic chemicals. • The use of PPE will keep the employee working with the chemical within a safe limit. • Employees should make every effort to use the least hazardous chemical when conducting a task where chemicals are required.

Hazard Communication Employee Training • Employers are to inform their employees of the following: • OSHA Hazard Communication Standard. • List of hazardous chemicals present in your work environment. • Hazardous communication plan. • How to use MSDS sheets and labels. • PPE to be used by the employee when working with hazardous chemicals.

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Incident Prevention Signs and Tags

Incident Prevention Signs and Tags • Signs and tags are used to define specific hazards that may lead to incidental injury to workers or the public, or to property damage. • Wording of signs should be: • Easy to read and concise. • Contain sufficient information to be understood. • Make a positive suggestion.

Incident Prevention Signs and Tags • Examples of a major message on signs or tags: • High Voltage • Close Clearance • Do Not Start • Do Not Use • Major messages can be in the form of: • Written text, or • Pictures, or • Both

Incident Prevention Signs and Tags Signs: • DANGER: A hazardous situation in which a high probability of death or severe injury exists. Recommended to be predominantly RED • CAUTION: A hazardous situation which may result in minor or moderate injury. Recommended to be predominantly YELLOW

Incident Prevention Signs and Tags Signs: § Warning: A hazard level between Danger and Caution. § Safety Instruction: Conveys reminders or general instructions relative to safe work practices.

Incident Prevention Signs and Tags Signs: • NOTICE: Provides information of general type in order to avoid confusion or misunderstanding. • Biological Hazard: Used to signify the actual or potential presence of a biohazard. Signage will be fluorescent orange or orange red. • Shall include only those infectious agents that present risk or potential risk to the well-being of a person.

Incident Prevention Signs and Tags: • Tags are not required to be used where signs, guarding or other positive means of protection are being used. • Tags convey the same types of messages as a sign but are typically made of paper or plastic and are attached as close as safely possible to a specific hazard.

Incident Prevention Signs and Tags • Tags must be used until the identified hazard is eliminated or the hazardous operation is complete. • Tags carry the same types of warnings, color coding and positive messages as a sign.

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and clothing is designed to protect the employee from chemical or physical hazards. • All other safety precautions must be in effect where possible before PPE is used. • PPE must be worn to meet the hazard assessment conducted and/or Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) requirements.

Head Protection - Hard Hat (Safety Helmet) • Anyone working or standing in the perimeter of identified hazardous areas is required to wear a hard hat at all times. • Hard hats must meet ANSI Z 89. 1 and OSHA standards as applicable. • The hat cannot be altered in any way such as carving, holes or removing parts.

Head Protection - Hard Hat (Safety Helmet) • Hard hats must be plastic and not metal. • Hats and liners are to be: • Washed periodically with soapy water. • Inspected before each use. • Replaced as needed.

Head Protection - Hard Hat (Safety Helmet) • The hard hat liner is the suspension system. • Adjust so there is a one-inch gap between the hard hat liner and the hard hat. • The hat should fit comfortably and securely to the head. • If a hard hat cap is worn, the bill must face the front.

Eye Protection - Goggles & Face Shields • All employees shall use approved eye or face protection when working on equipment when in areas identified as hazardous. • Employees who wear prescription lenses shall wear eye protection that incorporates the prescription in the design. • (Z-87 standards), or • over-the-glasses protective wear.

Eye Protection - Goggles & Face Shields • When supervising, helping or performing welding operations, all filter lenses must meet the requirements of OSHA 29 CFR 1910. 133. • Contact lenses must be soft or gas permeable.

Eye Protection - Goggles & Face Shields • The most common form of eye protection is safety glasses with side shields (prescription and non-prescription). • Face shields should be worn if greater protection from splashes and flying debris is needed. • Face shields must be worn with safety glasses or goggles.

Eye Protection - Goggles & Face Shields Safety glasses and face shields should be worn when: • Pouring a rope socket • Grinding • Chipping • Performing any function with the potential for flying debris.

Eye Protection - Goggles & Face Shields Safety goggles are required to be available on location at all times. • Check for cracks, scratches and other impairments that may affect performance. • Adequate protection against the highest level of each of the hazards should be provided.

Hand Protection - Gloves High-quality cotton gloves as specified by your company are recommended to protect hands from: • Pinch points • Abrasive materials • Hot and cold temperatures • Mechanical parts • Static electricity

Hand Protection - Gloves The selection of hand protection shall be based on: • A hazard assessment • Conditions present • Duration of exposure • Potential hazard • Glove material

Hand Protection - Gloves, Etc. • Make sure there is no skin exposed between the glove and sleeve when working with chemicals. • Caution should be taken when wearing gloves around rotating and moving equipment. • Barrier creams are not considered adequate hand protection.

Foot Protection - Safety Toed Boots • Wearing of safety-toed boots is required on location at all times and in the shop, yard, or field locations. • New employees are expected to wear boots on location their first day. • Boots must have a safety cap and non-skid soles and must meet Standard Z-41.

Hearing Protection • Employees working in areas where the noise level exceeds 85 decibels are required to wear hearing protection. • Hearing protection must meet the Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) specified by ANSI. • Earplugs can be reusable or disposable. • Most importantly they need to be properly cleaned and stored.

Hearing Protection • Always wash your hands before inserting earplugs. • A tight protective seal is needed so insert the earplug well into the ear. • Earmuffs also protect your hearing and can be worn apart from the hard hat or attached to it.

Clothing and Jewelry • Some companies require Fire Retardant Clothing (FRC) based upon the hazards which exist on location. • Close-fitting cotton or wool clothing is suggested. • Do not wear baggy or worn clothing.

Clothing and Jewelry • Long hair should be tied up and secured under the hard hat. • Well-servicing and other workers should never wear rings, watches, and other jewelry that could catch on tools or machinery.

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Fall Protection

Protecting Workers from Falls • Conventional Systems: – Guardrail Systems – Safety Net Systems – Personal Fall Protection • Fall arrest systems • Positioning systems • Travel restraint systems • Fall protection’s goal is to manage fall hazards and focus attention on correct work practices.

Fall Protection Fall protection must be worn while in the derrick, or working above OSHA required heights. 100 % Tie off is required

Fall Protection Full-Body Harness: • Attach one end of the lanyard to the “D” ring which is on the back of the harness. • Attached the other end to the climbing device or engineered personal fall arrest system.

Fall Protection Self Retracting Lanyard (SRL) • Alternate connecting devices to shock absorbing lanyards. • Make certain the lanyard is the proper length to allow the necessary worker movement and positioning. • Make certain that the right material type is chosen. Cable works best in high heat environments or around sharp edges. Webbing works best in most other applications.

Fall Protection • Do not expose fall protection equipment to corrosive materials or vapors, hazardous chemicals, or high temperatures. • The harness shall not be altered or misused to insure maximum protection during use. • When donning your fall protection, you must follow the manufacturers procedure for fitting the harness.

Fall Protection • Properly fitting fall protection will be snug to the body and have room enough to place two fingers between the leg and the leg straps. • Too much room can cause you to be turned upside down in a fall which reduces your rescue time and can cause injury.

Fall Protection Care • Always follow manufacturer recommendations for proper care and cleaning of your fall protection. • Fall protection should be cleaned with water and mild soap detergent solution and hung to air dry. • Store fall protection in a cool, dry, clean area out of direct sunlight.

Fall Protection Inspection • Fall protection should be inspected before each use. Look for: • Wear and damage • Buckles working properly • Grommets are not stretched or broken • Signs of a previous fall

Fall Protection • All movement of the rig’s blocks should cease until personnel are in the workstations and secured to proper fall protection. • At no time shall an employee be unattached from fall protection while in the derrick or working above the required height except in an emergency evacuation.

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