New View of the QCD Phase Diagram Krzysztof
- Slides: 15
New View of the QCD Phase Diagram Krzysztof Redlich (Wroclaw, GSI) Chihiro Sasaki (Munich) Rob Pisarski and Yoshimasa Hidaka BNL RBRC Unconfined World Confined World O(1) Conventional Wisdom Large N Will argue real world looks more like large N Quarkyonic World
Conjectured Phase Diagram for Nc = 3
Brief Review of Large N Mesons: quark-antiquark, Non-Interacting, masses ~ Baryons: N quarks, masses ~ , baryon interactions ~ Spectrum of Low Energy Baryons: Multiplets with I = J; I, J = 1/2 -> I, J = N/2 The confined world has no baryons! About 20 degenerate lowest mass baryons
Confinement at Finite Density: Generates Debye Screening => Deconfinement at Tc Quark loops are always small by 1/N_c For finite baryon fermi energy, confinement is never affected by the presence of quarks! T_c does not depend upon baryon density!
Finite Baryon Density: No baryons in the confined phase for For weakly coupled gas of quarks. If T < T_c, no free gluons, degrees of freedom are ~ Nc Unconfined World Confined World O(1) Quarkyonic World Quarkyonic Matter: Confined gas of perturbative quarks! Confined: Mesons and Glueballs Quarkyonic: Quarks and Glueballs Large N Unconfined: Quarks and Gluons
Some Properties of Quarkyonic Matter Quarks inside the Fermi Sea: Perturbative Interactions => At High Density can use perturbative quark Fermi gas for bulk properties At Fermi Surface: Interactions sensitive to infrared => Confined baryons Perturbative high density quark matter is chirally symmetric but confined => violates intuitive arguments that confinement => chiral symmetry Quarkyonic matter appears (at T= 0) when
Width of the Transition Region: Baryons are non-relativistic: Nuclear physics is in a width of order 1/N 2 c around the baryon mass! Large Nc world looks like our world: Nuclear matter is non-relativistic, and there is a narrow transition between confined and quarkyonic world
Nf/Nc fixed, large Nc Confinement not an order parameter Baryon number is Large density of states: Number of Lowest mass baryons Straight line in temperature-chemical potential plane
Hadronic World: Confined world of very weakly interacting mesons. At low Goldstone Bosons Mesons and glueballs As T increases from Hadronic world => Quark Gluon Plasma Gluons Quarks Great Wall of Weakly Interacting Mesons As baryon chemical potential increases: Hadronic World => Quarkyonic Matter Quarks Goldstone Bosons Mesons and glueballs Great Wall of Strongly Interacting Lowest Mass Baryons => Triple point where walls meet
With Redlich and Sasaki
The Non-Perturbative Fermi Surface: Deep in the Fermi sea, a momentum of order the Fermi momenta must be exchanged in interactions Near the Fermi surface, interactions are strong Excitations are confined and color singlet If form a bound state with negative biding energy => Chiral condensate Condensate breaks translational invariance => crystal Chiral symmetry breaking of order Quarkyonic phase at most weakly breaks chiral symmetry Might be parity double and chiral symmetric
Conclusions: There are three phases of QCD at large N: Confined Unconfined Quarkyonic They have very different bulk properties There may be a tri-critical point somewhere near AGS energies The early observations of Cleymans, Redlich, Braun-Munzinger and Stachel strongly support that this picture reflects N = 3.