KVI Groningen Fundamental Interactions Klaus Jungmann RECFA Meeting

KVI – Groningen Fundamental Interactions Klaus Jungmann RECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005 AGOR

KVI – Groningen Fundamental Interactions Klaus Jungmann RECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005 AGOR 22 scientists ~20 students ~ 100 people total 8 MЄ annual running budget

KVI – Groningen Fundamental Interactions Klaus Jungmann RECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005 AGOR • Science • Education: International Research School FANTOM (NL, F, B, D, S) study weeks e. g. on Neutrinos in Physics and Cosmology

KVI – Groningen Fundamental Interactions Up to recentlty: Continued Future: 2007 Funding - 2013 Klaus Jungmann RECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005 Scientific. Programs AGOR • • • AGOR + irradiation RI I PP • • TTR Interacting Hadrons • • Astroparticle Physics KVI Partnership Program • Nuclear Structure Collaboration withand GSIits Implications for Physics • Accelerator Astrophysics • Atomic Physics • Nuclear Structure • Nuclear Geophysics Nuclear Astrophys. • PANDA AGOR

KVI – Groningen Fundamental Interactions Klaus Jungmann RECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005 TRI P Trapped Radioactive Isotopes: icrolaboratories for fundamental Physivs AGOR Users Facility Scientific FOCUS on: Fundamental Symmetries and Interactions CP / T - violation b-decays EDM searches

TRI P Trapped Radioactive Isotopes: icrolaboratories for Fundamental Physics Theory Nuclear Physics Atomic Physics Experiment Nuclear Physics people (scientists): funding: G. Berg, U. Dammalapati, S. Dean, P. Dendooven, O. Dermois, M. N. Harakeh, R. Hoekstra, K. Jungmann, A. Mol, R. Morgenstern, C. J. G. Onderwater, A. Rogachevskiy, O. Scholten, M. Sohani, R. Timmermans, E. Traykov, L. Willmann, H. W. Wilschut project 2001 + many more colleagues providing support program 2013

Fundamental Interactions – Standard Model Gravitation Magnetism Electro Magnetism Maxwell Electricity Glashow, Salam, t'Hooft, Physics within the Standard Model Veltman, Weinberg ? Weak Electro - Weak Standard Model Strong not yet known? Grand Grant Unification Physics outside Standard Model Searches for New Physics

Some Questions related to TRI P Physics • Origin of Parity Violation in Weak Interactions • (nature prefers lefthandedness) details of b-decays Na, Ne, Ca isotopes • Dominance of Matter over Antimatter in Universe ? CP - Violation, Time Reversal Symmetry, Parity Violation permanent Electric Dipole Moments ? Ra isotopes Deuterons

TRI P Possibilities to Test New Models High Energies & Direct Observations Low Energies & Precision Measurement

TRI P New Interactions in Nuclear b-Decay In Standard Model: Weak Interaction is V-A In general b-decay could be also S , P, T Vector [Tensor] b[+ ] ne Scalar [Axial vector] [ ] b+ ne • R and D test both Time Reversal Violation • D most potential • R scalar and tensor (EDM, a) • technique D measurements yield a, A, b, B

TRI P New Interactions in Nuclear b-Decay In Standard Model: Weak Interaction is V-A 21 Na (Berkeley) Scielzo, Freedman, Fujikawa, Vetter PRL 93, 102501 -1 (2004) In general b-decay could be also S , P, T a exp = 0. 5243(91) a theor = 0. 558(6) 38 m. K } b-branching? (TRIUMF) A. Gorelov et al. PRL 94, 142501 (2005) a exp = 0. 9978(30)(37) a theor = 1

TRI P Radium Permanent Electric Dipole Moment 6 EDMs violate - Parity - Time Reversal -CP Symmetry Advantage over “best“ atom so far (199 Hg) - close states of opposite parity several 10 000 enhancement possible - some nuclei strongly deformed may give nuclear enhancement

Some EDM Experiments compared New 2004 from muon g-2: d (muon) < 2. 8 10 -19 molecules: 199 Hg 1. 6 10 -27 • • Radium potential Start TRI P de (SM) < 10 -37 after E. Hinds

TRI P Possible Sources of EDMs

Magnetic Separator Ion Catcher RFQ Cooler Atomic Physics Production Target Nuclear Physics AGOR cyclotron Particle Physics Magnetic separator Q Me. V D Q Q D ke. V Production target Q Q e. V me. V MOT Beyond the Standard Model Te. V Physics TRI P Facility Ion catcher (thermal ioniser or gas-cell) RFQ cooler/buncher ne. V MOT Low energy beam line MOT AGOR cyclotron

Degrader selection 21 Na 80 kcps / 25 pn. A 21 Ne Focal plane d. E detector: d. E-TOF L. Achouri et al.

TRI P laser lab Theory Atomic Nuclear Physics Experiment Nuclear Physics separator

TRI P Key Issues and Experiments • TRI P will be a user facility open to outside users (first users from France already in 2004!) • KVI will concentrate first on CP/ T violation – electroweak tests * b- decay (20, 21 Na, 19 Ne, 39 Ca) * electric dipole moments (Ra, d ) applications * ALCATRAZ (rare Ca isotope detection)

TRI P The ALCATRAZ Experiment a precursor for TRI P (R. Hoekstra, R. Morgenstern et al. ) Early Spin Off 10 -12 sensititivity reached working towards 10 -14 41 Ca

TRI P Key Issues and Experiments • TRI P will be a user facility open to outside users (first users from France already in 2004!) • KVI will concentrate first on CP/ T violation – electroweak tests * b- decay (20, 21 Na, 19 Ne, 39 Ca) * electric dipole moments (Ra, d ) applications * ALCATRAZ (rare Ca isotope detection) • OUTSIDE USERS branching ratio (France) * 19 Ne lifetime (USA) * d-EDM ring experiment (USA, Russia, Italy, Germany …) * 12 N, 12 B b-decays into 3 a (Scandinavia) * single ion parity experiments (USA) … * 21 Na completed on its way LOI discussed

TRI P AGOR is Indispensable for TRI P at KVI Ø Precison experiments require time to develop: AGOR & KVI ideal ( compare ISOLDE @ CERN or AD @ CERN ) Ø Various upgrades and adaptations • New Beams • e. g. 208 Pb • new sources (metals) • improved transmission • …. . • High Power ( 100 W… 1 k. W) • new extraction • beam stops • beam monitoring • …. . S. Brandenburg &Co

muon g-2 Spin precession in (electro-) magnetic field (g-2) : Result after a long series of precision measurements and theory effort charged particle EDM Spin precession in (electro-) magnetic field including KLOEMeasurement a - 11 659 000 ∙ 10 -10 (g-2) a challenge for theory

muon g-2 Spin precession in (electro-) magnetic field d charged particle EDM Spin precession in (electro-) magnetic field d d

Searches for EDMs in charged particles: Novel Method invented Motional Electric Fields exploited International Collaboration (USA, Russia, Japan, Italy, Germany, NL, …) R 0 1. . 2 m • 3 possible sites discussed: BNL, KVI, Frascati • Limit d. D <10 -27 … 10 -29 e cm • Can be >10 times more sensitive than neutron dn G. Onderwater et al.

TRI P Goals of TRI P @KVI • Study fundamental interactions using stored (radioactive) isotopes • A facility is created for KVI scientists and outside users (the first groups are already active, proposals P 01, P 02, P 03, P 04 ) General Time Lines • Project started 2001; setup facility until end 2005 • Exploitation of facility until 2013 (also in new FOM strategic plan from 2004) • TRI P became a managed program in July 2001 Facility Setup is more or less on Schedule

• Opportunities for low energy Fundamental Symmetries and Interaction research • TRI P Facility ready for first users

Thank YOU !

The World according to Escher P C matter mirror image anti-particle e+ particle e- T anti-matter time from H. W. Wilschut

Generic EDM Experiment Preparation of “pure“ J state Polarization Interaction with E - field Analysis of state cs – i s y h p l ins al a t n ves l o e c s m Spin e h yt b. Rotation s e u l a v ul f p l e “e cm” h y not ver Electric Dipole Moment: Spin precession : Determination x = eħ /2 m of Ensemble x Spin average d = x c-1 J e d J h J Example: d=10 -24 e cm, E=100 k. V/cm, J=1/2 e 15. 2 m. Hz