INTRODUCTION TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM AND THE SPINE

INTRODUCTION TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM AND THE SPINE 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 1

BONE • DYNAMIC TISSUE – CONSTANTLY CHANGING – EVEN BENDING 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 2

TYPES • COMPACT BONE – MARROW CAVITY • SPONGY BONE 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 3

CORTICAL BONE • MID CERVICAL • UPPER LUMBAR

REMODELING • EXTERNAL • INTERNAL • REGULATION – PARATHYROID HORMONE – CALCITONIN – VITAMIN D (CHOLECALCIFEROL) 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 5

PARTS • EPIPHYSIS • DIAPHYSIS • METAPHYSIS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 6

PARTS • PROJECTIONS – – – – 3/12/2021 TROCHANTER TUBERCLE MALLEUS CONDYLE EPICONDYLE RIDGE LINECREST ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 7

PARTS • DEPRESSIONS – – 3/12/2021 FOSSA GROOVE NOTCH FORAMEN ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 8

TYPES 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 9

LONG BONES • • HUMERUS RADIUS ULNA FEMUR TIBIA PHALANGES METACARPALS METATARSALS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 10

SHORT BONES • CARPALS • TARSALS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 11

FLAT • CRANIAL VAULT • SCAPULA 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 12

IRREGULAR • EAR OSSICLES 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 13

PNEUMATIC • BONES WITH AIR SPACES • NASAL SINUSES • AIR CELLS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 14

SESAMOID • FORM WITHIN A TENDON – PATELLA 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 15

BONE FORMATION • ENDOCHONDRAL (CARTILAGE BONE) – WITHIN CARTILAGE • INTRAMEMBRANOUS (MEMBRANE BONE) – WITHIN MEMBRANE 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 16

ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 17

HYALINE CARTILAGE MODEL 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 18

PRIMARY OSSIFICATION CENTER BONE MATRIX DEPOSITED AROUND MIDDLE OF DIAPHYSIS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 19

PERIOSTEAL BUD CELLS FROM PERIOSTEUM ERODE THROUGH BONE MATRIX. THEY BRING BLOOD VESSELS AND MACROPHAGES. BONE MARROW AND MARROW CAVITY FORMED. 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 20

SECONDARY OSSIFICATION CENTER SECONDARY CENTERS FORM AT EPIPHYSIS. 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 21

GROWTH PLATE HYALINE CARTILAGE BETWEEN OSSIFICATION CENTERS FORMS GROWTH PLATE 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 22

INTRAMEMBRANOUS • EMBRYONIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER-MEMBRANE • ISLANDS OF BONE APPEAR • ISLANDS GROW TOGETHER TO FORM BONE 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 23

AXIAL VS. APPENDICULAR SKELETONS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 24

AXIAL • • SKULL SPINAL COLUMN STERNUM RIBS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 25

APPENDICULAR • UPPER LIMB • LOWER LIMB 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 26

ARTHROLOGY 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 27

SYNARTHROSIS • SUTURES • SYNDESMOSIS • GOMPHOSIS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 28

AMPHIARTHROSIS • SYNCHONDROSIS • SYMPHYSIS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 29

SYNOSTOSIS • OS COXIE – ILIUM – ISCHIUM – PUBIS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 30

DIARTHROSIS (SYNOVIAL) FREELY MOVABLE JOINTS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 31

SYNOVIAL JOINT STRUCTURE • ARTICULAR CARTILAGE • SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE • SYNOVIAL SPACE • SYNOVIAL FLUID • CAPSULE 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 32

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS • • UNIAXIAL BIAXIAL MULTIAXIAL COMPOUND JOINTS • COMPLEX – MENISCUS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 33

THE SPINE 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 34

PARTS OF A VERTEBRA • • • BODY PEDICLE LAMINA SPINOUS PROCESS TRANSVERSE PROCESSES VERTEBRAL FORAMEN (CANAL) 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 35

PARTS OF A VERTEBRA • SUPERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESSES • INFERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESSES • INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN – SUP. PEDICAL NOTCHE – INF. PEDICAL NOTCHE 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 36

CERVICAL (7) • SMALL BODY • BIFID SPINE • TRANSVERSE FORAMEN FOR VERTEBRAL ARTERY • ATLAS (C 1) • AXIS (C 2) 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 37

ATYPICAL CERVICAL VERTEBRA • ATLAS (C 1) • AXIS (C 2) – ODONTOID PROCESS

THORACIC (12) • LONG SLENDER SPINE • LONG TRANSVERSE PROCESSES • DEMIFACETS ON BODY • FACETS ON THE TRANSVERSE PROCESS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 39

LUMBAR (5) • VERY HEAVY BODY • SHORT & STOCKY SPINE, TRANSVERSE PROC. , & PEDICLES • SUP. & INF. ARTICULAR PROCESSES FACE MED. & LAT. RESPECTIVELY 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 40

SACRAL (5) • SACRUM (5 FUSED VERTEBRAE) • ANT. & POST. SACRAL FORAMINA • ALA • SACRAL TUBEROSITIES 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 41

COCCYXGEAL (3 -5) • FUSED INTO A SINGLE BONE 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 42

CURVATURES • INITIALLY ALL CONCAVE ANTERIORLY • CERVICAL & LUMBAR CONCAVE POSTERIORLY • PRIMARY CURVATURES • SECONDARY CURVATURES 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 43

ABNORMAL CURVATURES • • HYPERKYPHOSIS HYPERLORDOSIS SCOLIOSIS ADAM’S SIGN 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 44

INTERVERTEBRAL ARTICULATIONS • INTERVERTEBRAL DISC – ANULUS FIBROSUS – NUCLEUS PULPOSUS • ANT. & POST. LONGITUDINAL LIG. 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 45

INTERVERTEBRAL ARTICULATIONS • ANT. & POST. LONGITUDINAL LIG. • SUP. & INF. ARTICULAR PROC. • LIGAMENTUM FLAVA • INTERSPINOUS LIG. • INTERTRANSVERSE LIG. (NOT SEEN IN DIAGRAM) • TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT (NOT SEEN IN DIAGRAM) ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & 3/12/2021 Spine 46