INTRODUCTION TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM AND THE SPINE
- Slides: 46
INTRODUCTION TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM AND THE SPINE 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 1
BONE • DYNAMIC TISSUE – CONSTANTLY CHANGING – EVEN BENDING 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 2
TYPES • COMPACT BONE – MARROW CAVITY • SPONGY BONE 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 3
CORTICAL BONE • MID CERVICAL • UPPER LUMBAR
REMODELING • EXTERNAL • INTERNAL • REGULATION – PARATHYROID HORMONE – CALCITONIN – VITAMIN D (CHOLECALCIFEROL) 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 5
PARTS • EPIPHYSIS • DIAPHYSIS • METAPHYSIS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 6
PARTS • PROJECTIONS – – – – 3/12/2021 TROCHANTER TUBERCLE MALLEUS CONDYLE EPICONDYLE RIDGE LINECREST ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 7
PARTS • DEPRESSIONS – – 3/12/2021 FOSSA GROOVE NOTCH FORAMEN ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 8
TYPES 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 9
LONG BONES • • HUMERUS RADIUS ULNA FEMUR TIBIA PHALANGES METACARPALS METATARSALS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 10
SHORT BONES • CARPALS • TARSALS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 11
FLAT • CRANIAL VAULT • SCAPULA 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 12
IRREGULAR • EAR OSSICLES 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 13
PNEUMATIC • BONES WITH AIR SPACES • NASAL SINUSES • AIR CELLS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 14
SESAMOID • FORM WITHIN A TENDON – PATELLA 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 15
BONE FORMATION • ENDOCHONDRAL (CARTILAGE BONE) – WITHIN CARTILAGE • INTRAMEMBRANOUS (MEMBRANE BONE) – WITHIN MEMBRANE 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 16
ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 17
HYALINE CARTILAGE MODEL 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 18
PRIMARY OSSIFICATION CENTER BONE MATRIX DEPOSITED AROUND MIDDLE OF DIAPHYSIS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 19
PERIOSTEAL BUD CELLS FROM PERIOSTEUM ERODE THROUGH BONE MATRIX. THEY BRING BLOOD VESSELS AND MACROPHAGES. BONE MARROW AND MARROW CAVITY FORMED. 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 20
SECONDARY OSSIFICATION CENTER SECONDARY CENTERS FORM AT EPIPHYSIS. 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 21
GROWTH PLATE HYALINE CARTILAGE BETWEEN OSSIFICATION CENTERS FORMS GROWTH PLATE 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 22
INTRAMEMBRANOUS • EMBRYONIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER-MEMBRANE • ISLANDS OF BONE APPEAR • ISLANDS GROW TOGETHER TO FORM BONE 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 23
AXIAL VS. APPENDICULAR SKELETONS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 24
AXIAL • • SKULL SPINAL COLUMN STERNUM RIBS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 25
APPENDICULAR • UPPER LIMB • LOWER LIMB 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 26
ARTHROLOGY 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 27
SYNARTHROSIS • SUTURES • SYNDESMOSIS • GOMPHOSIS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 28
AMPHIARTHROSIS • SYNCHONDROSIS • SYMPHYSIS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 29
SYNOSTOSIS • OS COXIE – ILIUM – ISCHIUM – PUBIS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 30
DIARTHROSIS (SYNOVIAL) FREELY MOVABLE JOINTS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 31
SYNOVIAL JOINT STRUCTURE • ARTICULAR CARTILAGE • SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE • SYNOVIAL SPACE • SYNOVIAL FLUID • CAPSULE 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 32
TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS • • UNIAXIAL BIAXIAL MULTIAXIAL COMPOUND JOINTS • COMPLEX – MENISCUS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 33
THE SPINE 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 34
PARTS OF A VERTEBRA • • • BODY PEDICLE LAMINA SPINOUS PROCESS TRANSVERSE PROCESSES VERTEBRAL FORAMEN (CANAL) 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 35
PARTS OF A VERTEBRA • SUPERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESSES • INFERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESSES • INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN – SUP. PEDICAL NOTCHE – INF. PEDICAL NOTCHE 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 36
CERVICAL (7) • SMALL BODY • BIFID SPINE • TRANSVERSE FORAMEN FOR VERTEBRAL ARTERY • ATLAS (C 1) • AXIS (C 2) 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 37
ATYPICAL CERVICAL VERTEBRA • ATLAS (C 1) • AXIS (C 2) – ODONTOID PROCESS
THORACIC (12) • LONG SLENDER SPINE • LONG TRANSVERSE PROCESSES • DEMIFACETS ON BODY • FACETS ON THE TRANSVERSE PROCESS 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 39
LUMBAR (5) • VERY HEAVY BODY • SHORT & STOCKY SPINE, TRANSVERSE PROC. , & PEDICLES • SUP. & INF. ARTICULAR PROCESSES FACE MED. & LAT. RESPECTIVELY 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 40
SACRAL (5) • SACRUM (5 FUSED VERTEBRAE) • ANT. & POST. SACRAL FORAMINA • ALA • SACRAL TUBEROSITIES 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 41
COCCYXGEAL (3 -5) • FUSED INTO A SINGLE BONE 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 42
CURVATURES • INITIALLY ALL CONCAVE ANTERIORLY • CERVICAL & LUMBAR CONCAVE POSTERIORLY • PRIMARY CURVATURES • SECONDARY CURVATURES 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 43
ABNORMAL CURVATURES • • HYPERKYPHOSIS HYPERLORDOSIS SCOLIOSIS ADAM’S SIGN 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 44
INTERVERTEBRAL ARTICULATIONS • INTERVERTEBRAL DISC – ANULUS FIBROSUS – NUCLEUS PULPOSUS • ANT. & POST. LONGITUDINAL LIG. 3/12/2021 ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & Spine 45
INTERVERTEBRAL ARTICULATIONS • ANT. & POST. LONGITUDINAL LIG. • SUP. & INF. ARTICULAR PROC. • LIGAMENTUM FLAVA • INTERSPINOUS LIG. • INTERTRANSVERSE LIG. (NOT SEEN IN DIAGRAM) • TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT (NOT SEEN IN DIAGRAM) ANAT 603, SCNM Intro. Skeletal System & 3/12/2021 Spine 46
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