Skeletal System Bell Ringer 123 KWL Chart Set

Skeletal System

Bell Ringer 12/3 – KWL Chart Set up a KWL chart in your notebook: Fill in what you already KNOW about bones and the skeletal system and what you WANT to know.

What is the skeletal system? • The skeletal system is composed of all the bones in the body as well as the tissues (tendons, ligaments, and cartilage) that connect them. • An adult’s skeletal system contains 206 bones.

What are functions of the skeletal system? • Support: – Skeleton provides framework for the body, basic shape & structure like beams inside a building

What are functions of the skeletal system? • Protection – The skeleton protects organs like armor • Cranium protects the brain • Ribs/sternum protect the lungs, heart, and some digestive organs • Pelvis protects and supports digestive and reproductive organs • Spinal column protects the spine

What are functions of the skeletal system? • Movement – Bones are the levers that help your body move in different directions – Muscles move bones by contracting, which pulls the bone, causing movement

What are functions of the skeletal system? • Blood Cell Production – Inside long bones in the body, there is a cavity filled with bone marrow, a tissue where new blood cells are produced and damaged blood cells are repaired

What are functions of the skeletal system? • Mineral Storage – Calcium!

Exit Quiz (turn in, write a complete sentence response) 1. What organs give the body shape & support? a. Muscles b. Bones c. Intestines 2. What bones protect the spinal cord? a. Vertebrae/spinal column b. Ribs c. Cranium 3. Where are blood cells produced? a. Heart b. Veins c. Bones 4. What mineral is stored in our bones? a. Calcium b. Iron c. Zinc 5. What is the tissue called that produces blood cells? a. Blood marrow b. Blood cell tissue c. Bone marrow

Bell Ringer 12/4 Do you think your bones are alive or not alive? Why?

What is a bone made of? • Bones are made of living as well as nonliving parts. The very outside part of the bone is covered by a thin, living membrane called the periosteum which has blood vessels in it. Blood vessels are living and carry food and oxygen to the other living parts of the bone (including nerves and bone cells).

What is a bone made of? Compact bone: Calcium and phosphorus, which are nonliving parts of the bone, are contained in the thick outer layer of the bone called compact bone. Compact bone also contains living parts of the bone like blood vessels, bone cells, nerves, and elastic fibers that keep bone from being too rigid.

What is a bone made of? Spongy bone: Spongy bone (also called cancellous bone) contains many openings and is found toward the ends of many bones. It is made of minerals and is hard.

What is a bone made of? Bone marrow: Bone marrow appears in spaces of variable size within bones in hollow cavities. Bone marrow is living and either red or yellow in color. Yellow bone marrow is found in the long part of bone and made mostly of fat. Red bone marrow is found in spongy bone and is where new blood cells are made (almost all RBCs and most WBCs).

Cartilage Parts of your skeletal system that are flexible are cartilage, not bone. As you grow from a baby into an adult, most of your cartilage is replaced by hard bone. As an adult, you still have cartilage in your body. Where do you think it is?

Cartilage! Cartilage is contained in the joints vertebrae (backbone) in your nose, your ear, between your as well as joints between other bones.

Ligaments connect bones to each other at joints. Ligaments are soft and made of collagen.

Tendons A tendon is a strong elastic band of tissue connecting muscle to bone. Like ligaments, tendons are made of collagen and are somewhat elastic.

KWL revisited • Go back to the KWL chart you started at the beginning of yesterday and begin to fill in what you have learned about bones so far…

HOMEWORK Label the parts of a bone on the handout using your notes!

Vocabulary Quiz 12/5 Take out a blank sheet of paper and divide it in half with a horizontal line. Above the horizontal line, divide the paper into three sections and label them as below: Cartilage Tendon Parts of a Bone Ligament

• This is not a question. This is how you spell collagen. • What is cartilage? Where is it located (give two examples)? • BONUS: What do you think the function of cartilage is? • What do tendons connect? • What are tendons made of? • What do ligaments connect? • What are ligaments made of? • What is the periosteum? • What does compact bone store? List at least two things. • What happens in bone marrow?

Bell Ringer 12/6 • How do you think bones grow over time?

How do bones move? • Muscle contractions pull on bones, allowing them to move. HOWEVER, bones would not be able to move as freely as they do without joints (shoulder, ankle, knee, hip, elbow, etc. )

Joints You Know. . . • • Elbow Hip Skull Shoulder Finger Wrist Vertebrae Ankle Figure out how you want to group the joints on the left. What joints are similar to each other? How do they move? What might you call them?

What happens when bones break? • A bone break is called a fracture. There are many different ways to fracture your bones, but all of them can heal. • Broken bones need to set, either with the help of a metal pin or just a cast. • Over time, your bone will produce lots of new cells at the location of the fracture and tiny blood vessels that rebuild the bone. As you age, this healing process may take longer.

Bone Healing Stages • Step 1: A hematoma, or blood clot, forms around the break

Bone Healing Stages • Step 2: The periosteum heals first, then a fibrocartilage callus forms (soft)

Bone Healing Stages • Step 3: Fibrocartilage is replaced by a bony callus made of spongy bone (hard) ← this is the same way your bones grow to begin with!

Bone Healing Stages • Step 4: The bone is remodeled, compact bone develops around the spongy bone, and marrow starts to grow inside the repaired bone.

Homework! • Divide a plain sheet of paper into four sections and in each section ILLUSTRATE one step in the bone healing process.

What are different kinds of joints? Hinge joints: move back and forth like the movement of a door hinge. Examples: - fingers - toes - elbows - knees ELBOW JOINT

What are different kinds of joints? Pivot joints: rotate or turn on an axis Example: - elbows ELBOW JOINT

What are different kinds of joints? Immovable joints: no range of movement allowed Example: - where the bones of the skull come together SKULL

What are different kinds of joints? Gliding joints: allow bones to glide over one another Example: - vertebrae (small bones that make up your backbone) VERTEBRAE

What are different kinds of joints? Ball-and-socket joints: allow for the greatest range of movement. The large round end of one long bone fits into the circular shaped hollow of another bone Example: - hips SHOULDER JOINT