The Skeletal System Chapter 3 2015 Cengage Learning

Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the Skeletal System © 2015, Cengage

Bones • Primary Function – Act as the framework for the body – Protect

Bones © Cengage Learning • Typical Long Bone © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights

© Cengage Learning Bones (continues) © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

© Cengage Learning Bones © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. (continues)

© Cengage Learning Bones © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Bone Marrow • Primary Function – Red bone marrow forms some blood cells. –

Cartilage • Primary Function – Creates a smooth surface for motion within the joints

Joints • Primary Function – Work with the muscles to make a variety of

© Cengage Learning Joints © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Ligaments • Primary Function – Connect one bone to another • Related Word Parts

© Cengage Learning Ligaments © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Synovial Membrane • Primary Function – Forms the lining of synovial joints – Secretes

Synovial Fluid • Primary Function – Lubricant that makes smooth joint movements possible •

Bursa • Primary Function – Cushions areas of joints that are subject to friction

Key Word Parts and Definitions • ankyl/o – crooked, bent, stiff • arthr/o –

Key Word Parts and Definitions • crani/o – skull • -desis – to bind,

Key Word Parts and Definitions • -lysis – loosening or setting free • myel/o

Key Word Parts and Definitions • spondyl/o – vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone • synovi/o,

Questions © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Question There are 15 phalanges (finger bones) in a human hand. True or False?

Answer False. The human hand has 14 phalanges. © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights

Question Nearly one-fourth of all human bones can be found in the feet. True

Answer True © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Question Babies are born with 300 bones, but by adulthood, we have only 206.

Question The largest bone in the human body is the: a. femur b. pelvis

Answer a. the femur (thigh bone) © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Answers to Learning Exercises © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 3 Answers Matching Word Parts 1 3. 1. kyph/o 3. 2. chondr/i, chondr/o

Chapter 3 Answers Matching Word Parts 3 3. 11. spondyl/o 3. 12. scoli/o 3.

Chapter 3 Answers Matching Structures 3. 26. sternum 3. 27. zygomatic 3. 28. clavicle

Chapter 3 Answers Spelling Counts 3. 36. lumbago 3. 37. osteoclasis 3. 38. spondylitis

Chapter 3 Answers Term Selection 3. 46. osteonecrosis 3. 47. lordosis 3. 48. spina

Chapter 3 Answers Word Surgery 3. 56. hem, arthr, -osis 3. 57. oste/o, chondr,

Chapter 3 Answers Clinical Conditions 3. 66. greenstick 3. 67. osteomyelitis 3. 68. secondary

Chapter 3 Answers Challenge Word Building 3. 81. osteosclerosis 3. 82. costectomy 3. 83.

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Bones • Primary Function – Act as the framework for the body – Protect the internal organs – Store the mineral calcium • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) – oss/e, oss/i – oste/o, ost/o (continues) © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Bone Marrow • Primary Function – Red bone marrow forms some blood cells. – Yellow bone marrow stores fat. • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) – myel/o (also means spinal cord) © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Cartilage • Primary Function – Creates a smooth surface for motion within the joints – Protects the ends of the bones • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) – chondr/o © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Synovial Membrane • Primary Function – Forms the lining of synovial joints – Secretes synovial fluid • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) – synovi/o, synov/o © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Key Word Parts and Definitions • -lysis – loosening or setting free • myel/o – spinal cord, bone marrow • oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o – bone • scoli/o – curved, bent (continues) © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Key Word Parts and Definitions • spondyl/o – vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone • synovi/o, synov/o – synovial membrane, synovial fluid • -um – singular noun ending © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 3 Answers Matching Word Parts 1 3. 1. kyph/o 3. 2. chondr/i, chondr/o 3. 3. ankyl/o 3. 4. arthr/o 3. 5. -um Matching Word Parts 2 3. 6. crani/o 3. 7. cost/o 3. 8. -lysis 3. 9. myel/o 3. 10. -desis © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 3 Answers Matching Word Parts 3 3. 11. spondyl/o 3. 12. scoli/o 3. 13. lord/o 3. 14. synovi/o, synov/o 3. 15. oste/o Definitions 3. 16. diaphysis 3. 17. tarsal 3. 18. manubrium 3. 19. synovial joint 3. 20. pubis 3. 21. foramen 3. 22. ligament 3. 23. acetabulum 3. 24. phalanges 3. 25. process © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 3 Answers Matching Structures 3. 26. sternum 3. 27. zygomatic 3. 28. clavicle 3. 29. patella 3. 30. olecranon process Which Word? 3. 31. arthrolysis 3. 32. fibrous dysplasia 3. 33. allogenic 3. 34. vertebroplasty 3. 35. osteoarthritis © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 3 Answers Spelling Counts 3. 36. lumbago 3. 37. osteoclasis 3. 38. spondylitis 3. 39. osteorrhaphy 3. 40. crepitation Abbreviation Identification 3. 41. bone marrow transplant 3. 42. closed reduction 3. 43. fracture 3. 44. rheumatoid arthritis 3. 45. temporomandibular joint © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 3 Answers Term Selection 3. 46. osteonecrosis 3. 47. lordosis 3. 48. spina bifida 3. 49. myeloma 3. 50. callus Sentence Completion 3. 51. craniotomy 3. 52. subluxation 3. 53. arthrodesis 3. 54. arthroplasty 3. 55. hallux valgus © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 3 Answers Word Surgery 3. 56. hem, arthr, -osis 3. 57. oste/o, chondr, -oma 3. 58. oste/o, -malacia 3. 59. peri-, ost, -itis 3. 60. spondyl/o, -listhesis True/False 3. 61. True 3. 62. False 3. 63. True 3. 64. False 3. 65. True © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 3 Answers Clinical Conditions 3. 66. greenstick 3. 67. osteomyelitis 3. 68. secondary bone cancer 3. 69. kyphosis 3. 70. orthotic 3. 71. craniotomy 3. 72. autologous 3. 73. chondromalacia 3. 74. rheumatoid 3. 75. bursitis Which Is the Correct Medical Term? 3. 76. comminuted 3. 77. chondroplasty 3. 78. dual x-ray absorptiometry 3. 79. traction 3. 80. talipes © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 3 Answers Challenge Word Building 3. 81. osteosclerosis 3. 82. costectomy 3. 83. chondropathy 3. 84. arthrotomy 3. 85. chondritis 3. 86. arthrectomy 3. 87. polyarthritis 3. 88. osteoarthropathy 3. 89. costotomy 3. 90. craniomalacia Labeling Exercises 3. 91. cervical 3. 92. scapula 3. 93. humerus 3. 94. coccyx 3. 95. femur 3. 96. patella 3. 97. parietal 3. 98. frontal 3. 99. occipital 3. 100. mandible © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.