THE SKELETAL SYSTEM What the Skeletal System Does

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THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

What the Skeletal System Does. . . n 5 major functions: Shape and support

What the Skeletal System Does. . . n 5 major functions: Shape and support n Movement n Protects your organs n Produces blood cells n Stores minerals n

Shape and Support n n Backbone (or vertebral column) is the center of the

Shape and Support n n Backbone (or vertebral column) is the center of the skeleton. Vertebrae: The small bones that make up the backbone.

Movement n n Bones are associated with muscles. Muscles pull on the bones to

Movement n n Bones are associated with muscles. Muscles pull on the bones to make the body move.

Protection n Bones protect your organs. Skull protects brain. Breastbone and ribs protect heart

Protection n Bones protect your organs. Skull protects brain. Breastbone and ribs protect heart and lungs.

Blood Production n Bones are like factories that produce blood cells.

Blood Production n Bones are like factories that produce blood cells.

Mineral Storage n n Bones store calcium and phosphorous. Bones release minerals into the

Mineral Storage n n Bones store calcium and phosphorous. Bones release minerals into the blood when the body needs them.

Joints of the Skeleton n Joint: A place in the body where 2 bones

Joints of the Skeleton n Joint: A place in the body where 2 bones come together. Joints allow bones to move in different ways. 2 types of joints: immovable and moveable

Immovable Joints n n Joints that connect bones in a way that allows little

Immovable Joints n n Joints that connect bones in a way that allows little or no movement. Bones of the skull are held together by immovable joints.

Moveable Joints n n n Allow body to make movements. Ligaments: Strong connective tissues

Moveable Joints n n n Allow body to make movements. Ligaments: Strong connective tissues that hold moveable joints together. Cartilage: A 2 nd type of connective tissue.

4 Types of Moveable Joints n n Hinge joint Ball and socket joint Pivot

4 Types of Moveable Joints n n Hinge joint Ball and socket joint Pivot joint Gliding joint

Hinge Joint n A hinge joint allows forward or backward motion. Your knee is

Hinge Joint n A hinge joint allows forward or backward motion. Your knee is a hinge joint that allows you to bend and straighten your leg. Your elbow is also a hinge joint.

Ball and Socket Joint n Ball and socket joints allow the greatest range of

Ball and Socket Joint n Ball and socket joints allow the greatest range of motion. The ball and socket joint in your shoulder allows you to swing your arm freely in a circle. Your hips also have ball and socket joints.

Pivot Joint n A pivot joint allows one bone to rotate around another. The

Pivot Joint n A pivot joint allows one bone to rotate around another. The pivot joint in your neck allows you to turn your head from side to side.

Gliding Joint n A gliding joint allows one bone to slide over another. The

Gliding Joint n A gliding joint allows one bone to slide over another. The gliding joint in your wrist or ankle enables you to bend and flex as well as make limited side to side motions.

Cartilage n Covers the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing.

Cartilage n Covers the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing.

Bone Structure Bones are complex living structures that undergo growth and development.

Bone Structure Bones are complex living structures that undergo growth and development.

n n n Compact bone- Hard and dense, but not solid. Spongy bone- Like

n n n Compact bone- Hard and dense, but not solid. Spongy bone- Like a sponge with many small spaces within it. Marrow- Soft connective tissue that fills the spaces in your bones. (2 types- red and yellow)

n n TYPES OF BONE MARROW Red Marrow- Produces most of the body’s blood

n n TYPES OF BONE MARROW Red Marrow- Produces most of the body’s blood cells. As a child, most of your bones contain red marrow. Yellow Marrow- Stores fat. As a teenager, most of your bones contain yellow marrow.

Bone Strength n n n The structure of bones make them both strong and

Bone Strength n n n The structure of bones make them both strong and lightweight. Bones can absorb more force than concrete or granite rock. 20 percent of an adults body weight is bone.

Bone Growth n Bones are alive! They contain cells and tissues, such as blood

Bone Growth n Bones are alive! They contain cells and tissues, such as blood and nerves.

Bone Development n As an infant, much of your skeleton is cartilage. Over time,

Bone Development n As an infant, much of your skeleton is cartilage. Over time, most of y our cartilage is replaced with hard bone tissue.

Taking Care of Your Bones n A combination of a balanced diet and regular

Taking Care of Your Bones n A combination of a balanced diet and regular exercise are important for a lifetime of healthy bones.

Osteoporosis n A condition in which the body’s bones become weak and break easily

Osteoporosis n A condition in which the body’s bones become weak and break easily (not enough calcium).