The Skeletal System Warmup Write a paragraph listing

The Skeletal System Warm-up: • Write a paragraph listing the protective equipment needed for in-line skating, bicycling, and skateboarding, and the discuss the benefits of using this equipment.

How the Skeletal System Works • The skeletal system consists of 206 bones and connective tissue. • The connective tissues: • Cushion the bones • Attach bone to bone • Attach bone to muscle • Functions of your skeletal system: • • • Provide support for the body. Protect internal tissues and organs from damage Act as a framework for attached muscles. Allow movement of limbs and digits. Produce new red and white blood cells. Store fat and minerals, such as calcium and phosphorous.

Bones • Made up of living tissue formed into different layers. • Compact bone layer– hard and densely packed outer layer. • Spongy bone layer – less dense bone with a network of cavities filled with red bone marrow, where blood cells are produced. • Yellow bone marrow – stores fat. • Bones are categorized by their shape: • • Long bone Short bone Flat bone, and irregular bones Can you name a cone that fits each of these categories?

Connective Tissue • There are three types of connective tissue: • Cartilage – • strong flexible tissue that acts as a cushion between two bones to reduce friction. • Can also act as a flexible structure for soft parts of the body, such as? • All bones begin in the embryo as cartilage. • Ligament • Band of fibrous, slightly elastic tissue that attaches one bone to another bone. • Attach to create joints. What are some joints can you think of? • Tendon • Fibrous cord that attaches muscle to the bone. • What are some tendons that you can name?

Joints • Joints are points at which bones meet. • Some joints, such as the ones between the bones of the skull do not move. • Flexible joints are ones that move and include: • • • Ball-and-socket joints Hinge joints Pivot joints Saddle joints Gliding joints Can you name a joint in the body for each of these types of joints? • http: //www. jeffsims. net/flash/skeleton. html

Caring for the Skeletal System • A healthy diet, exercise, protective gear, and regular checkups are ways to care for your skeletal system. • Foods high in calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorous help prevent skeletal disorders. • During regular checkups, your doctor can screen for skeletal disorders like scoliosis. • Weight-bearing activities such as walking or weight training helps bones stay strong. • Wearing protective gear during sports reduces the risk of bone fractures.

Understanding Skeletal Problems • Poor nutrition, infections, sports injuries, and poor posture can lead to problems with the skeletal system. • Fractures – any type of break in the bone • Hairline fracture – parts of the bone do not separate. • Transverse fracture – fracture is completely across the bone. • Comminuted fracture – when the bone shatters into more than two pieces. • Compound fracture – When broken end of bone breaks through the skin.

http: //video. about. com/orthopedics/Fractures-1. htm

• Injuries to joints • Can occur from overuse, strain, or disease. • Dislocation – when a bone slips out of place, tearing the ligaments that attach the bone at the joint. • Torn cartilage – can result from a sharp blow to a joint or a severe twisting of a joint. • Bursitis – results from the painful inflammation of bursa, a fluid-filled sac that helps reduce friction in joints. • Bunions – painful swelling of the bursae in the first joints of the big toes. Wearing ill-fitting shoes can make bunions worse. • Arthritis – the inflammation of the joint, resulting from injury, natural wear and tear, or autoimmune disease.

• Osteoporosis • • Condition in which there is a progressive loss of bone tissue. Bones weaken and become brittle. Common in older adults. Bone tissue loss is a natural part of aging, but healthful behaviors during your teen years can reduce your risk of developing osteoporosis later in life. Eating foods containing calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorous will help bones remain strong and healthy. Regular weight bearing activity, such as walking and weight training, stimulates bone cells to increase bone mass. Do you think cases of osteoporosis will increase in the next 10, 20, 30 years? Why or why not? http: //youtu. be/F 7 p 23 Zro 7 LU