Chapter 5 The Skeleton The Axial Skeleton Skull

The Axial Skeleton Three parts comprise the axial skeleton 1. Skull 2. Vertebral column

Figure 5. 8 a The human skeleton. Skull Cranium Facial bones Clavicle Thoracic cage

Figure 5. 8 b The human skeleton. Cranium Bones of pectoral girdle Clavicle Scapula

The Skull ◦ ◦ The Skull: Cranium Facial bones All bones are joined by

The Skull: Cranium 8 cranial bones protect the brain 1. 2. 3. 4. 5–

The Skull: Face There are 14 facial bones. All are paired except for the

Bone Markings of the Skull Foramen or Canal: ◦ Openings for passage of vessels/nerves

Figure 5. 9 Human skull, lateral view. Coronal suture Frontal bone Parietal bone Sphenoid

Figure 5. 10 Human skull, superior view (top of cranium removed). Frontal bone Sphenoid

Figure 5. 11 Human skull, inferior view (mandible removed). Maxilla (palatine process) Hard palate

Figure 5. 12 Human skull, anterior view. Coronal suture Frontal bone Parietal bone Nasal

Paranasal Sinuses Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity Found in: ◦ ◦

Figure 5. 13 a Paranasal sinuses. Frontal sinus Ethmoid sinus Sphenoidal sinus Maxillary sinus

Figure 5. 13 b Paranasal sinuses. Frontal sinus Ethmoid sinus Sphenoidal sinus Maxillary sinus

The Hyoid Bone The only bone that does not articulate with another bone; “floating”

Figure 5. 14 Anatomical location and structure of the hyoid bone. Greater horn Lesser

Mnemonics for the Skull CRANIUM “PEST of 6” Six bones: ◦ ◦ ◦ Parietal

The Fetal Skull Fontanels: fibrous membranes connecting cranial bones ◦ Allow skull compression during

Figure 5. 15 b The fetal skull. Parietal bone Posterior fontanel Occipital bone Mastoid

Slides: 20

Download presentation

Chapter 5 The Skeleton The Axial Skeleton Skull: Cranium and Face Pages 146 -152

Figure 5. 8 a The human skeleton. Skull Cranium Facial bones Clavicle Thoracic cage (ribs and sternum) Vertebral column Sacrum The Sea-blue bones make up the axial skeleton Scapula Sternum Rib Humerus Vertebra Radius Ulna Carpals Phalanges Metacarpals Femur Patella Tibia Fibula (a) Anterior view Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges

Figure 5. 8 b The human skeleton. Cranium Bones of pectoral girdle Clavicle Scapula Rib Humerus Vertebra Radius Ulna Carpals Upper limb Bones of pelvic girdle Phalanges Metacarpals Femur Lower limb Tibia Fibula (b) Posterior view The Sea-blue bones make up the axial skeleton

The Skull: Cranium 8 cranial bones protect the brain 1. 2. 3. 4. 5– 6. 7– 8. Frontal bone Occipital bone Ethmoid bone Sphenoid bone Parietal bones (pair) Temporal bones (pair) © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Skull: Face There are 14 facial bones. All are paired except for the single mandible and vomer. Maxillae Zygomatics Palatines Nasals Lacrimals Inferior nasal conchae ◦ Mandible (1) Vomer (1) ◦ © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Bone Markings of the Skull Foramen or Canal: ◦ Openings for passage of vessels/nerves Process: ◦ bony prominence for muscle attachment Fossa: ◦ depression, usually for articulation

Figure 5. 9 Human skull, lateral view. Coronal suture Frontal bone Parietal bone Sphenoid bone Temporal bone Ethmoid bone Lambdoid suture Lacrimal bone Squamous suture Occipital bone Nasal bone Zygomatic process Zygomatic bone Maxilla External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Styloid process Mandibular ramus Alveolar processes Mandible (body) Mental foramen

Figure 5. 10 Human skull, superior view (top of cranium removed). Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Cribriform plate Ethmoid Crista galli bone Optic canal Sella turcica (houses pituitary gland) Temporal bone Foramen ovale Jugular foramen Internal acoustic meatus Parietal bone Occipital bone Foramen magnum

Figure 5. 11 Human skull, inferior view (mandible removed). Maxilla (palatine process) Hard palate Palatine bone Zygomatic bone Temporal bone (zygomatic process) Maxilla Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Foramen ovale Vomer Mandibular fossa Carotid canal Styloid process Mastoid process Temporal bone Jugular foramen Occipital condyle Parietal bone Occipital bone Foramen magnum

Figure 5. 12 Human skull, anterior view. Coronal suture Frontal bone Parietal bone Nasal bone Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Zygomatic bone Maxilla Mandible Superior orbital fissure Optic canal Temporal bone Middle nasal concha of ethmoid bone Inferior nasal concha Vomer Alveolar processes

Paranasal Sinuses Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity Found in: ◦ ◦ Frontal Ethmoid Sphenoid Maxillary Functions : lighten the skull; amplify speech Sinus Infections: infections to the mucosae (mucous membranes) of the sinuses = sinusitis © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 5. 13 a Paranasal sinuses. Frontal sinus Ethmoid sinus Sphenoidal sinus Maxillary sinus (a) Anterior view

Figure 5. 13 b Paranasal sinuses. Frontal sinus Ethmoid sinus Sphenoidal sinus Maxillary sinus (b) Medial view

The Hyoid Bone The only bone that does not articulate with another bone; “floating” Functions: 1. movable base for the tongue 2. Attachment site for neck muscles 3. Aids in swallowing and speech © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 5. 14 Anatomical location and structure of the hyoid bone. Greater horn Lesser horn Body

Mnemonics for the Skull CRANIUM “PEST of 6” Six bones: ◦ ◦ ◦ Parietal Ethmoid Sphenoid Temporal Occipital Frontal FACE “Many Monkeys Live In Very Nice Public Zoos” Mandible Maxilla Lacrimals Inferior Conchae Vomer Nasal Palatine Zygomatic ORBIT Parietal Frontal Sphenoid Lacrimal Ethmoid Maxilla Zygomatic

The Fetal Skull Fontanels: fibrous membranes connecting cranial bones ◦ Allow skull compression during birth ◦ Allow brain growth during pregnancy and infancy ◦ Convert to bone within 24 months after birth © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 5. 15 b The fetal skull. Parietal bone Posterior fontanel Occipital bone Mastoid fontanel Anterior fontanel Sphenoidal fontanel Frontal bone Temporal bone