Intracellular Compartments and Protein Sorting Haixu Tang School
- Slides: 46
Intracellular Compartments and Protein Sorting Haixu Tang School of Informatics
The major intracellular compartments of an animal cell
Relative Volumes Occupied by the Major Intracellular Compartments INTRACELLULAR COMPARTMENT PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL CELL VOLUME Cytosol 54 Mitochondria 22 Rough ER cisternae 9 Smooth ER cisternae plus Golgi cisternae 6 Nucleus 6 Peroxisomes 1 Lysosomes 1 Endosomes 1
An electron micrograph
Development of plastids
Hypothetical schemes for the evolutionary origins of some organelles
Four distinct families 1) the nucleus and the cytosol, which communicate through nuclear pore complexes and are thus topologically continuous (although functionally distinct); 2) all organelles that function in the secretory and endocytic pathways, including the ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, lysosomes, the numerous classes of transport intermediates such as transport vesicles, and possibly peroxisomes; 3) the mitochondria; 4) the plastids (in plants only).
Secretory vs. endocytic pathways
Protein traffic
Protein traffic • Gated transport • Transmembrane transport • Vesicular transport – membrane-enclosed transport intermediates
Sorting sequences
Some sorting sequences
Prediction of protein sorting • Psort web server: http: //psort. nibb. ac. jp/ – prediction of protein localization sites in cells from their primary amino acid sequence
Construction of Membrane-enclosed Organelles Require Information in the Organelle Itself • The information required to construct a membraneenclosed organelle does not reside exclusively in the DNA that specifies the organelle's proteins. Epigenetic information in the form of at least one distinct protein that preexists in the organelle membrane is also required, and this information is passed from parent cell to progeny cell in the form of the organelle itself. Presumably, such information is essential for the propagation of the cell's compartmental organization, just as the information in DNA is essential for the propagation of the cell's nucleotide and amino acid sequences.
Nuclear pore complexes
Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear lamina • Consists of "intermediate filaments", 30 -100 nm thick. • These intermediate filaments are polymers of lamin, ranging from 60 -75 k. D. • A-type lamins are inside, next to nucleoplasm; B-type lamins are near the nuclear membrane (inner). They may bind to integral proteins inside that membrane. • The lamins may be involved in the functional organization of the nucleus.
Nuclear localization signals (NLSs)
Protein import through nuclear pores
Possible paths for free diffusion through the nuclear pore complex
Nuclear Import / Export Receptors
The control of nuclear import during T-cell activation
The breakdown and re-formation of the nuclear envelope during mitosis
The subcompartments of mitochondria and chloroplasts
A signal sequence for mitochondrial protein import
Protein translocators in the mitochondrial membra
Protein translocation depends on the temperature
Protein import by mitochondria
Energy required
Two plausible models of how mitochondrial hsp 70 could drive protein import
Protein import from the cytosol into the inner mitochondrial membrane or intermembrane space
Translocation of a precursor protein into the thylakoid space of chloroplasts
The Endoplasmic Reticulum
Free and membrane-bound ribosomes
The signal hypothesis
The signal-recognition particle (SRP)
SRP direct ribosomes to the ER membrane
Protein translocation
Single-pass transmembrane protein
Multipass membrane protein rhodopsin
Protein glycosylation in the rough ER
The export and degradation of misfolded ER proteins
The unfolded protein response in yeast
Phospholipid exchange proteins
- Intracellular compartments and protein sorting
- Tang and song china
- Haixu tang
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- Internal vs external sorting
- Extracellular fluid
- Total body water
- Difference between intercellular and intracellular fluid
- Carrier vs channel proteins
- Protein-protein docking
- How does water go through your body
- Titanic watertight compartments diagram
- Popliteal vein
- Derine
- Examples of intracellular accumulation
- Hypoosmotic
- Hand compartments
- Content of popliteal fossa
- Medany makarem
- Lipofuscin
- Flexor pollicis longus insertion
- What does for official use only mean
- Classification of hormones
- Compartment of community bag
- Escherichia virus t4
- Youtube.com
- Vacuole transport
- Intracellular digestion
- Intracellular structure
- Neurotrasmiters
- Cell injury and inflammation
- Cl extracellular concentration
- Nuclear receptor
- Intracellular accumulations
- Blood loss estimation gauze
- Estimated blood volume
- Tonicity vs osmolarity
- Sorting and grading difference
- Differentiate between bubble and quick sorting
- Searching and sorting arrays in c++
- Big o java
- Restricting and sorting data in oracle
- Unit operations in food processing
- Lesson 1: analyzing a graph