Happy Monday No DO NOW 117 write QUIZ
- Slides: 56
Happy Monday! • No DO NOW 11/7 write: QUIZ • Prepare for Quiz over Cellular Respiration Can you answer the Three Questions? (5 minutes) - Where are molecules moving? (Matter Movement) - How are the atoms being rearranged to form new molecules? (Matter Change) - How is energy being transformed? (Energy Change) • Take out Ted. Talk Worksheet for stamps • Debrief Ted. Talk and Cellular Respiration (10 minutes) • Quiz (20 minutes) • Debrief carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins worksheet (if there is time remaining)
DO NOW 11/8 Cellular Respiration: -Who does it? -What is it? -Where does it happen? -Why does it happen?
Carbon: Transformations in Matter and Energy Environmental Literacy Project Michigan State University Animals Unit Activity 5. 1: Tracing the Processes for Cows Growing: Digestion and Biosynthesis
Unit Map You are here 7
Connecting Questions about Processes at Different Scales: Digestion Scale Unanswered Questions Macroscopic Scale How to cows get food to all of their cells? Microscopic Scale How do food molecules get into a cow’s blood? Atomic. Molecular Scale How are molecules in food changed chemically so that cow cells can use them? 8
Food molecules are in the grass Place two nickels here: large food molecules (grass). 9
What happens to the food cows eat? Food Digestion Energy: Cellular respiration 10
Food is mostly water and large organic molecules CARBOHYDRATES: STARCH LIPIDS (FAT) GLUCOSE (SUGAR) PROTEINS CELLULOSE (FIBER) 11
These large organic molecules cannot enter the cells LIPIDS (FAT) PROTEINS How do animals digest, or break down, these molecules into smaller molecules the cells can use to do work?
Digestion occurs in stomach and small intestines Put nickels here: Large food molecules break into small molecules in intestines Exchange one nickel for 5 pennies (small organic molecules) Note: digestive cells produce molecules (enzymes) that can break large organic molecules up into small organic molecules. 13
During digestion, large organic molecules are broken down into small organic molecules STARCH GLUCOSE (SUGAR) 14
Animals don’t digest all the food that they eat Our digestive systems cannot break down some large organic molecules (such as fiber). Have the remaining nickel leave the cow as feces These molecules leave our bodies as feces. 15
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in digestion? Chemical change Large organic molecules (+ water) Reactants 16 Small organic molecules Products
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in digestion? Chemical change Large organic molecules (+ water) Reactants 17 Carbon atoms stay in organic molecules with high-energy bonds Small organic molecules Products
Small molecules move from intestines to blood, and the heart pumps blood and small molecules to all parts of the body. Move Pennies: Small molecules move through circulatory system 18
Where do the small molecules go? glucose glycerol fatty acid amino acid 19
Connecting Questions about Processes at Different Scales: Biosynthesis Scale Unanswered Questions Macroscopic Scale How do cows grow? Microscopic Scale How do cows’ cells use small organic molecules to grow? Atomic. Molecular Scale How do cells make their large organic molecules? 20
How do cows’ cells use food to grow? Materials for growth: Biosynthesis Food Digestion Energy: Cellular respiration 21
What happens during biosynthesis? Chemical change
Biosynthesis is the process of small organic molecules becoming large organic molecules in individual cells. Place your pennies here: Large molecules are built here Exchange your 5 pennies (small organic molecules) for a nickel (large organic molecule) 23
During biosynthesis, small organic molecules are built into large organic molecules GLUCOSE (SUGAR) STARCH 24
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in biosynthesis? Chemical change Small organic molecules Reactants 25 Large organic molecules (+ water) Products
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in biosynthesis? Chemical change Small organic molecules Reactants 26 Carbon atoms stay in organic molecules with Large organic molecules (+ water) high-energy bonds Products
Where do the atoms in animals come from?
DO NOW 11/9 Compare and contrast the atoms that make up carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Fill in the Venn Diagram below: Lipids Proteins Carbohydrates
Discuss (1 minute) • Animal cells don’t make starch or cellulose. -How do they use the glucose? 29
Animal cells use glucose in two ways 1. Animal cells can combine glucose molecules with oxygen to release chemical energy in cellular respiration. • This is how all cells get the energy they need for their functions. 2. Animal cells can make fat molecules from glucose molecules. • • Glycerol and fatty acids are made of the same atoms—C, H, and O—as glucose molecules Animals use fats to store chemical energy in C-C and C-H bonds 30
Carbon: Transformations in Matter and Energy Environmental Literacy Project Michigan State University Animals Unit Activity 5. 2: Molecular Models for Cows Growing: Digestion and Biosynthesis
Unit Map You are here 32
Materials for growth: Biosynthesis Food Digestion Energy: Cellular respiration 33
During digestion, large organic molecules are broken down into small organic molecules LARGE = POLYMER small = monomers STARCH POLYMER glucose monomers (sugar) 34
Remember the Bonding Rules: Carbon: 4 Oxygen: 2 Hydrogen: 1 Nitrogen: 3 *Oxygen will bond with Carbon or Hydrogen before another Oxygen
Remember the Bonding Rules: Carbon: 4 Oxygen: 2 Hydrogen: 1 Nitrogen: 3 Breakdown Protein Molecules (Digestion) • Digest PROTEIN molecules by cutting the protein into individual amino acids. -Notice that after you cut the protein apart there are bonds without atoms. -Cut up water molecules to tape an –H and –OH to every amino acid. *Oxygen will bond with Carbon or Hydrogen before another Oxygen Chemical change 36
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in digestion? Chemical change Protein polymer (+ water) Reactants Amino acid monomers Products 37
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in digestion? Chemical change Protein polymer (+ water) Reactants Carbon atoms stay in organic molecules with high-energy bonds Amino acid monomers Products 38
Remember the Bonding Rules: Carbon: 4 Oxygen: 2 Hydrogen: 1 Nitrogen: 3 *Oxygen will bond with Carbon or Hydrogen before another Oxygen Breakdown of Starch Molecules (Digestion) • Digest STARCH molecules by cutting the starch into individual glucose monomers. -Notice that after you cut the starch apart there are bonds without atoms. -Cut up water molecules to tape an –H and –OH to every glucose. Chemical change 39
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in digestion? Chemical change Starch polymer (+ water) Reactants Glucose monomers Products 40
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in digestion? Chemical change Starch polymer (+ water) Reactants Carbon atoms stay in organic molecules with high-energy bonds Glucose monomers Products 41
Remember the Bonding Rules: Carbon: 4 Oxygen: 2 Hydrogen: 1 Nitrogen: 3 *Oxygen will bond with Carbon or Hydrogen before another Oxygen Breakdown of Fat Molecules (Digestion) • Digest FAT molecules by breaking the fat into individual fatty acid and glycerol monomers. -Notice that after you cut the fat apart there are bonds without atoms. -Cut up water molecules to tape an –H and –OH to each fatty acid and glycerol. Chemical change 42
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in digestion? Chemical change Fat (+ water) Reactants Fatty acids + glycerol Products 43
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in digestion? Chemical change Fat (+ water) Reactants Carbon atoms stay in organic molecules with high-energy bonds Fatty acids + glycerol Products 44
Where do digested monomers go? glucose glycerol fatty acid amino acid 45
PROTEIN FAT 46
Remember the Bonding Rules: Carbon: 4 Oxygen: 2 Hydrogen: 1 Nitrogen: 3 *Oxygen will bond with Carbon or Hydrogen before another Oxygen Build Cow Muscles (Biosynthesis) • Build PROTEIN molecules by taping 4 amino acid monomers together. -Notice you will need to remove an –H and –OH from each amino acid. -Tape these (-H and –OH) back together to make water. Chemical change 47
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in biosynthesis? Chemical change Amino acid monomers Reactants Protein polymer (+ water) Products 48
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in biosynthesis? Chemical change Amino acid monomers Reactants Carbon atoms stay in organic molecules with high-energy bonds Protein polymer (+ water) Products 49
Remember the Bonding Rules: Carbon: 4 Oxygen: 2 Hydrogen: 1 Nitrogen: 3 *Oxygen will bond with Carbon or Hydrogen before another Oxygen Build Cow Muscles (Biosynthesis) • Build FAT molecules by taping 3 fatty acid monomers to 1 glycerol molecule. -Notice you will need to remove an –H and –OH from each glycerol and fatty acid. -Tape these (-H and –OH) back together to make water. Chemical change 50
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in biosynthesis? Chemical change Fatty acids + glycerol Reactants Fat (+ water) Products 51
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in biosynthesis? Chemical change Fatty acids + glycerol Reactants Carbon atoms stay in organic molecules with high-energy bonds Fat (+ water) Products 52
Happy Friday! • Introduction to Baby Mason • Review Digestion and Biosynthesis of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
Digestion and Biosynthesis Debrief Directions: Respond to the following prompts in your notebook. 1. Explain the process of digestion. 2. What molecule aids in the digestion of macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins)? 3. Explain the process of biosynthesis. 4. In addition to the formation of polymers, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, what other molecule is also formed during biosynthesis? 5. What is happening to energy during digestion and biosynthesis?
Matter entering and leaving animals min e Materials in grass (entering cow) rals Protein minerals Prot Fat H 2 O ein Carbohydrates Materials in a cow H 2 O s ral ne mi H 2 O From lungs dra tes Car b ohy rals mine Materials leave a cow through respiration, urination, feces, and perspiration. CO 2 Fat Protein H 2 O Feces 55
Which chemical process does the following? Glucose Starch (monomer) (polymer) 56
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