Part 117 Flight and Duty Limitations and Rest

Part 117 Flight and Duty Limitations and Rest Requirements: Flightcrew Members Look for 3 qualities in people when hiring Integrity, intelligence, and energy If they don’t have the first quality The other two qualities will kill you Warren Buffett

117. 1 Applicability • Flight crew members – Conducting passenger operations under Part 121

117. 3 Definitions • Acclimated – Condition in which a flight crewmember has been in a theater for 72 hours or has been given at least 36 consecutive hours free of duty • Airport/standby reserve – Defined duty period during which a flight crewmember is required by a certificate holder to be at an airport for a possible assignment • Augmented flightcrew – Flight crew has more than the minimum number of flight crewmembers required by the airplane type certificate to operate the aircraft to allow a flight crewmember to be replace by another qualified flight crewmember for in-flight rest

117. 3 Definitions • Calendar day – 24 -hour period from 0000 to 2359 using coordinated universal time or local time • Certificate holder – Person who holds or is required to hold an air carrier certificate or operating certificate issued under Part 119 • Deadhead transportation – Transportation of a flight crewmember as a passenger or non-operating flight crewmember – Time spent in deadhead transportation is duty and is not rest – Not considered flight segment for maximum flight duty period

117. 3 Definitions • Duty – Task that flight crewmember performs as required by the certificate holder • • • Flight duty period Flight duty Pre- and post-flight duties Administrative work Training Deadhead transportation Aircraft positioning on ground Aircraft loading Aircraft servicing

117. 3 Definitions • Fatigue – Physiological state of reduced mental or physical performance capability resulting from lack of sleep or increased physical activity – Reduces flight crewmember’s alertness and ability to safely operate an aircraft or perform safety-related duties • Fatigue risk management system (FRMS) – Management system for a certificate holder to use to mitigate effects of fatigue in its particular operations • Data-driven process • Systematic method to continuously monitor/manage safety risks associated with fatigue-related error

117. 3 Definitions • Fit for Duty – Physiologically and mentally prepared and capable of performing assigned duties at the highest degree of safety • Flight duty period – Begins when a flight crewmember is required to report for duty and ends when the aircraft is parked after the last flight and there is not intention for further aircraft movement by the same flight crewmember • Includes duties performed by the flight crew member on behalf of the certificate holder that occur before a flight segment or between flight segments without a required intervening rest period

117. 3 Definitions • Home base – Location designated by a certificate holder where a flight crewmember normally begins and ends duty periods • Lineholder – Flight crewmember who has an assigned flight duty period and is not acting as a reserve flight crewmember • Long-call reserve – Prior to beginning rest period, flight crewmember is notified by the certificate holder to report for a flight duty period following the completion of the rest period

117. 3 Definitions • Physiological night’s rest – 10 hours of rest that encompasses the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the flight crewmember’s home base or – If the flight crewmember has acclimated to a different theater, the rest must encompass the hours of 0100 and 0700 at the acclimated location • Report time – Time that the certificate holder requires a flight crewmember to report for an assignment

117. 3 Definitions • Reserve availability period – Duty period during which a certificate holder requires a flight crewmember on short call reserve to be available to receive an assignment for a flight duty period • Reserve flight crewmember – A flight crewmember who a certificate holder requires to be available to receive an assignment for duty

117. 3 Definitions • Rest facility – A bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that provides a flight crewmember with a sleep opportunity • Class 1 rest facility – Bunk or other surface that allows for a flat sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger cabin – Temperature-controlled – Allows the flight crewmember to control light – Provide isolation from noise and disturbance • Class 2 rest facility – Seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat sleeping or near flat sleeping position – Separated from passengers by a minimum of a curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation – Reasonably free from disturbance by passengers or flight crewmembers

117. 3 Definitions • Rest facility – A bunk or seat accommodation installed in an aircraft that provides a flight crewmember with a sleep opportunity • Class 3 rest facility – Seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines at least 40 degrees and provides leg and foot support • Rest period – Continuous period determined prospectively during which the flight crewmember is free from all restraint by the certificate holder • Scheduled – Appoint, assign, or designate for a fixed time

117. 3 Definitions • Short-call reserve – Period of time in which a flight crewmember is assigned to a reserve availability period • Split duty – Flight duty period that has a scheduled break in duty that is less than a required rest period • Suitable accommodation – Provides a flight crewmember with the ability to sleep either in a bed, bunk, or in a chair that allows for flat or near flat sleeping position • Temperature-controlled • Sound mitigation • Ability to control light

117. 3 Definitions • Theater – Geographical area in which the distance between the flight crewmember’s flight duty period departure point and arrival point differs by no more than 60 degrees longitude • Unforeseen operational circumstance – Unplanned event of insufficient duration to allow for adjustments to schedules, including unforecast weather, equipment malfunction, or air traffic delay that is not reasonably expected • Window of circadian low – Period of maximum sleepiness that occurs between 0200 and 0559 during a physiological sleep

117. 5 Fitness for Duty • Flight crewmember – Report for flight duty rested and prepared to perform their duties – Do not accept assignment if too fatigued to perform duties – Certificate holder cannot permit member to continue a flight duty period if they have reported as too fatigued – Crewmember must affirmatively state they are fit for duty prior to commencing flight

117. 7 Fatigue Risk Management • System must include – – – Fatigue risk management policy Education and awareness training program Fatigue reporting system System for monitoring flightcrew fatigue Incident reporting process Performance evaluation

117. 9 Fatigue Education • Fatigue education and awareness training program – Annual education/awareness training for all employees of the certificate holder – Increase awareness of • Fatigue • Effects of fatigue on pilots • Fatigue countermeasures – Update program every two years

117. 11 Flight Time Limitation • Do not exceed following limits – Time of Report (acclimated) • • • Max flight time 0000 – 0459 0500 – 1959 2000 – 2359 3 -pilot crew 4 -pilot crew 8 hrs 9 hrs 8 hrs 13 hrs 17 hrs – Unforeseen operational circumstances • Flight crewmember may exceed maximum flight time – Extent necessary to safely land aircraft at destination or alternate airport – Report description of circumstances for extension

117. 13 Flight Duty Period • Unaugmented operations – Based on number of flight segments – See Table B for max flight duty periods • Based on local time at theater last acclimated • Table is for acclimated • Not acclimated – Max flight duty period is reduced by 30 minutes

117. 15 Flight Duty Period • Split Duty – Opportunity for sleep during flight duty period • Suitable accommodation • Rest opportunity provided between 2200 and 0500 local time • Scheduled before beginning of flight duty period • Rest opportunity actually provided cannot be less than scheduled • First flight segment must be completed • Flight duty period and rest opportunity do not exceed 14 hours

117. 17 Flight Duty Period • Augmented operations – Based on number of pilots and class of rest facility – See Table C for max flight duty periods • Based on local time at theater last acclimated • Table is for acclimated • Not acclimated – Max flight duty period is reduced by 30 minutes • During flight duty period – Two consecutive hours in the second half are available for inflight rest for the pilot flying the aircraft during landing – 90 consecutive minutes are available for in-flight rest for the pilot performing monitoring duties during landing • No assignments with more than 3 flight segments

117. 19 Flight Duty Period Extensions • Augmented/Unaugmented – Pilot may extend max flight duty period up to 2 hours – Extension of more than 30 minutes may occur only once prior to receiving a rest period – Cannot be extended if crewmember exceeds cumulative flight duty period limits – Report (within 10 days) • Description of the circumstances for extension • Corrective action to avoid future extensions

117. 21 Reserve Status • Airport/standby reserve – Part of flightcrew member’s flight duty period – Short-call reserve • Availability period may not exceed 14 hours • After reserve period, crewmember receives required rest • Unaugmented operation – Total hours cannot exceed – Lesser of maximum applicable flight duty period plus 4 hours, or – 16 hours – Measured from beginning of reserve availability period • Augmented operation – Total hours cannot exceed – Maximum applicable flight duty period plus 4 hours – Measured from beginning of reserve availability period

117. 21 Reserve Status • Airport/standby reserve – Long-call reserve • Receive assignment to a flight duty period • Begins before and operate in flightcrew window of circadian low – Must receive 12 -hour notice of report time • Shift from short-call to long-call reserve – Crewmember receives required rest period

117. 23 Cumulative Limitations • No assignments if total flight time exceeds – 100 hours in any 672 consecutive hours – 1, 000 hours in any 365 consecutive calendar period • No assignments if total flight duty period exceeds – 60 flight duty period hours in any 168 consecutive hours – 190 flight duty period hours in any 672 consecutive hours

117. 25 Rest Period • No assignments during rest period – Given at least 30 consecutive hours free from duty with the past 168 consecutive hour period – 36 hours rest period to acclimate to new theater – Return to home base - 56 consecutive rest period hours if • Travels more the 60 degrees longitude during flight duty period • Away from home base more than 168 consecutive hours – 10 consecutive hours immediately before reserve or flight duty period

117. 27 Consecutive Nighttime Ops • Can accept – Up to 5 consecutive flight duty periods infringing on window of low circadian • Requires suitable accommodations during rest period • If not available, max up to 3 consecutive flight duty periods