GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFANT 332021 Priya Reshma
- Slides: 61
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFANT 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 1
Growth and Development of Infant Prepared by : Dr. Priya Reshma Aranha Asst. Professor Dept of Child Health Nursing Yenepoya Nursing College 3/3/2021 Reviewed by: Prof. Umarani J Mrs. Renita Priya Dsouza Priya Reshma Aranha 2
Learning Objectives At the end of the class the students will be able to, • Explain physical and physiological growth of infant • Enumerate motor development of infant • Explain sensory development in infant • Explain language development in infant • Discuss psychosocial development of infant • Discuss psychosexual development of infant • Explain moral development of infant • Elaborate cognitive development of infant • Explain spiritual development of infant • Discuss role of play among infant of infant 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 3
INFANCY Beginning at the end of first month and ending at 12 th month 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 4
GROWTH • Increase in physical size of the whole or any part of it and can be measured in inches or centimeter and pounds or kilograms 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 5
DEVELOPMENT • Progressive increase in skill and capacity to function. 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 6
PHYSICAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 7
BIOLOGIC DEVELOPMENT PROPORTIONAL CHANGES 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 8
WEIGHT • At 6 month birth weight is doubled Average is 7. 26 Kg • At 1 year birth weight is tripled Average is 9. 75 Kg 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 9
HEIGHT v. First 6 monthsincrease by 2. 5 cm v. Second 6 monthsincrease by 1. 25 cm 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 10
HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE • First six months – increases 1. 5 cm per month. Average size at 6 month - 43 cm. • Second six months – increases 0. 5 cm per month. Average size at 12 month – 46 cm. 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 11
CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE • Lateral diameter is becoming larger than anterio posterior diameter • At birth chest circumference is 1 inch less than head. • At 1 year becomes equal to head. 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 12
VITAL SIGNS 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 13
AGE IN MONTH 1 MONTH 3 MONTH PULSE 130+/_ 20 120 +/_ 20 115 +/_ 20 RESP 35+/_ 10 31 +/_ 9 30+/_ 10 BP 80/50 +/20/10 80/50 +/_ 20/10 90/60 +/_ 28/10 96/66 +/_ 30/24 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 6 MONTH 12 MONTH 14
DENTITION • Primary teeth production starts at 5 -7 months. • At 6 months- lower central incisors erupt then lower lateral incisors. • At 9 months upper lateral incisors erupt • At 1 year 6 -8 deciduous tooth. 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 15
NEUROLOGC RFLEXES DURING INFANCY 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 16
REFLEXES • MORO’S REFLEX • NECK RIGHTING REFLEX • PARACHUTE REACTION 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 17
REFLEXES contd • LANDAU REFLEX • Galant reflex / trunk incurvation 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 18
REFLEXES contd 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 19
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT DURING INFANCY • GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT • FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 20
GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT AGE DEVELOPMENT 1 FLEXED POSITION TURN HEAD TO SIDES 2 LESS FLEXED POSITION LIFT HEAD TO 45 DEGREES OFF TABLE 3 SLIGHT HEAD LAG IN SITTING POSITION BEAR FRACTION OF WEIGHT ON STANDING 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 21
GROSS MOTOR-contd 4 BALANCES WELL IN SITTING ROLL FROM BACK TO SIDE 5 NO HEAD LAG, TURN FROM ABDOMEN TO BACK 6 IN PRONE LIFT CHEST AND ABDOMEN, ROLLS FROM BACK TO ABDOMEN 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 22
GROSS MOTOR-contd 7 8 9 3/3/2021 LIFTS HEAD IN SUPINE SITS LEANING FORWARD SITS UNSUPPORTED STAND WITH SUPPORT PULLS SELF TO STANDING POSITION, HOLDING FURNITURE Priya Reshma Aranha 23
GROSS MOTOR-contd 10 CHANGE FROM PRONE TO SITTING POSITION, STANDS BUT SITS BY FALLING DOWN 11 REACH BACK TO PICK UP OBJECT 12 WALKS WITH ONE HAND HELD, STANDS ALONE 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 24
Crawling & Creeping (7 -10 months) 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 25
FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT AGE DEVELOPMENT 1 HANDS ARE CLOSED, GRASP REFLEX STRONG 2 HANDS FREQUENTLY OPEN GRASP REFLEX FADING 3 ACTIVELY HOLDS RATTLE 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 26
FINE MOTOR-contd 4 5 6 7 3/3/2021 INSPECTS AND PLAYS WITH HANDS, GRASPOBJECT WITH BOTH HAND PLAYS WITH TOYS TAKES OBJECTS DIRECTLY TO MOUTH MANIPULATES SMALL OBJECTS GRASP FEETS AND PULLS INTO THE MOUTH TRANSFERS OBJECTS FROM ONE HAND TO ANOTHER Priya Reshma Aranha 27
FINE MOTOR-contd 8 9 10 3/3/2021 BEGINNING OF PINCER GRASP RELEASES OBJECTS AT WILL RINGS BELL PURPOSELY CRUDE PINCER GRASP PREFERENCE OF DOMINANT HAND CRUDE RELEASE OF OBJECTS BEGIN NEAT PINCER GRASP Priya Reshma Aranha 28
FINE MOTOR-contd 11 EXPLORES OBJECTS MORE THOROUGHLY HAS NEAT PINCER GRASP 12 ATTEMPTS TOBUILD TWO BLOCKTOWER BUT FAILS RELEASES CUBE IN CUP 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 29
SENSORY DEVELOPMENT 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 30
AGE DEVELOPMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VISION DEVELOPMENT [weeks] BIRTH PUPILLARY AND CORNEAL REFLEXES PRESENT ABLE TO FIXATE ON MOVING OBJECT WHEN 20 - 25 cm AWAY CANNOT INTEGRATE HEAD AND EYE MOVEMENTS 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 31
contd CAN FOLLOW IN RANGE OF 90 DEGREES ØWATCH PARENT INTENTLY AS HE OR SHE SPEAKES TO INFANT ØTEAR GLANDS TO BEGIN TO FUNCTION Ø 4 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 32
contd 6 -12 3/3/2021 n. HAS PERIPHERAL VISION TO 180 DEGREES n. BINOCULAR VISION BEGINS AT 6 WEEKS WELL ESTABLISHED BY 4 MONTHS n. CONVERGENCE ON NEAR OBJECTS BEGINS AT 6 WEEKS WELL ESTABLISHED BY 3 MONTHS n. DOLL’S EYE REFLEX DISAPPEARS Priya Reshma Aranha 33
CHARACTERISTICS OF HEARING 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 34
CHARACTERISTICS OF HEARING AGE DEVELOPMENT weeks BIRT n. RESPONDS TO LOUD NOISE BY H STARTLE REFLEX n. RESPONDS TO HUMAN VIOICE READILY THAN ANY OTHER SOUND n. LOW PITCHED SOUNDS HAVE QUIETING EFFECT 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 35
CHARACTERISTICS OF HEARING contd 8 -12 3/3/2021 TURNS HEAD TO SIDE WHEN SOUND IS MADE AT THE LEVEL OF EAR n Priya Reshma Aranha 36
MATURATION OF THE SYSTEMS 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 37
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM • RESPIRATORY RATE SLOWS • RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS – ABDOMINAL • CHANCES OF FREQUENT RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 38
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM • HEART RATE SLOWS • BP CHANGES • PHYSIOLOGIC ANAEMIA 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 39
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • IMMATURE DIGESTIVE PROCESSES • SIZE OF THE STOMACH INCREASES • MATURATION OF SUCKING, SWALLOWING AND ERUPTION OF TEETH 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 40
IMMUNOLOGIC SYSTEM • RECIEVES MATERNAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN (Ig. G) • PPRODUCTION OF Ig. G, Ig. M, Ig. A, Ig. D AND Ig. E 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 41
THERMOREGULATION Increases • ABILITY OF SKIN TO CONTRACT AND MUSCLE TO SHIVER • CONSERVES CORE BODY TEMPERATURE 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 42
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM • ADEQUATELY DEVELOPED BUT FUNCTIONS ARE IMMATURE • VULNERABLE TO FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 43
RENAL SYSTEM • IMMATURE FUNCTION • LOW SPECIFIC GRAVITY • FREQUENCY OF VOIDING 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 44
INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT • ACCORDING TO PIAGET SENSORY MOTOR STAGE(BIRTH TO 2 YR) 1. SUBSTAGE I (BIRTH TO 1 MONTH) 2. SUBSTAGE II (1 TO 4 MONTH) 3. SUBSTAGE III (4 TO 8 MONTH) 4. SUBSTAGE IV (8 TO 12 MONTH) 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 45
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT • ACCORDING TO ERIKSON TRUST VERSUS MISTRUST (BIRTH TO 1 YEAR) 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 46
PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT According to Freud, oral stage – birth to one year qbirth to 6 months – oral passive stage q 6 months to one year – oral aggressive stage 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 47
SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT • STAGE I PRIMAL FAITH / Undifferentiated 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 48
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT • NEWBORN - CRYING • 1 MONTH - RESPONDS TO HUMAN VOICES • 2 MONTHS - RESPONDS TO CAREGIVER’S VOICE BY SOUNDS • 5 MONTH -MIMIC SOUND OF OTHERS 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 49
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT contd • 8 MONTH - COMBINES SYLLABELS WITHOUT MEANING • 10 MONTHS - SPEAK ONE WORD • 1 YEAR – TWO OR MORE WORD 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 50
PLAY AND STIMULATION • TYPE OF PLAY FIRST 6 MONTHS – ONLOOKER PLAY 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 51
contd • TYPE OF PLAY SECOND 6 MONTHS – SOLITARY PLAY 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 52
SELECTION OF TOYS • ACCORDING TO THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT • WELL CONSTRUCTED AND SAFE • DURABLE • TOO LARGE TO SWALLOW • LIGHT WEIGHT 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 53
contd • • EASILY HANDLED SMOOTH, WASHABLE BRIGHT COLOURED SIZE SHOULD APPROPRIATE TO USE 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 54
Milestones at a glance 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 55
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Evaluation • Birth weight doubles at ------- months • At what age object permanency will be developed? • What is the psychosexual development stage for infants? • What is the play of infants? • List down the mile stones of infants 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 59
References 1. Wong’s essentials of paediatrics nursing, 7 th edition, Marilyn J Hockenberry, Wilson, Winkelstein. 2005 2. Wongs essentials of paediatric nursing. First South Asia edition. 2013 3. Marlow text book of paediatric nursing, South asian edition. 2013 4. Marlow text book of paediatric nursing, 6 th edition. 1998. 5. Terry Kyle. Essentials of paediatric nursing. Wolter Kluwer. South Asian edition. 2009 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 60
THANK YOU 3/3/2021 Priya Reshma Aranha 61
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