Expected Life Events The expected life events that

Expected Life Events • The expected life events that can affect human growth and development and the positive and negative effects of the events on growth and development – starting, being in and leaving education – moving house/location – entering and being in employment – living with a partner/marriage/civil ceremony – parenthood – retirement.

Starting, being in and leaving education • Positive – Build new friendships – Learn and develop new skills – Improved self-esteem – Improved communication skills • Negative – Anxiety about the new routines and meeting new people – Insecurity about leaving parents for the first time

Moving house/location • Positive – New challenges are exciting – Develop new friendships • Negative – Loss of friends – Anxiety and stress of moving – May feel isolated

Entering and being in employment • Positive – Develop independence – Improved self-image and self-esteem – Build new relationships – Learn new skills (creative thinking and problem solving) through training • Negative – Stress and anxiety of meeting new people

Living with a partner/marriage/civil ceremony • Positive – Feel secure and content – Develop intimate relationships – Develop relationships with in-laws • Negative – Loss of independence – Have to share

Parenthood • Positive – Feel content – Improved emotional wellbeing – Develop strong attachments • Negative – Worried about responsibilities – Feel tired – Loss of independence – Jealousy of siblings

Retirement • Positive – Reduced stress – More time to socialise with friends and family • Negative – Loss of relationships – May have negative self-image – May lose mobility/fitness

Unexpected Life Events • The unexpected life events that can affect human growth and development and the effects of the events on personal growth and development and that of others: – death of a partner, relative or friend – accidents and injury, ill health – exclusion, dropping out of education – imprisonment – promotion/redundancy/unemployment.

Death of a partner, relative or friend • Effects: – Loss and grief – Low self-confidence – Loss of friends – Unable to function at work

Accidents and injury, ill health • Effects: – Loss of mobility – Depression – Restriction of social activities – Lack of interest in appearance

Exclusion, dropping out of education • Effects: – Low self-esteem – Loss of friends – Restriction of social activities

Imprisonment • Effects: – Depression – Loss of social contact – Low self-esteem – Loss of independence

• Effects: Promotion – Improved self-esteem – Positive self-image – More independence Redundancy or unemployment • Effects: – Low self-esteem – Stress – Fewer opportunities for learning and developing skills – Fewer opportunities to interact and develop new relationships – Opportunities to train for a new job

Understanding how to manage the changes caused by life events – types of support (formal, informal, emotional, physical) – support offered by people (family, friends, partners, professional carers, including district nurse and social care worker) – support offered by community groups, voluntary and faith-based organisations – managing expectations.

Types of support (formal, informal, emotional, physical) • Formal – Physical and emotional support from professionals, e. g. doctors and care workers. • Informal – Unpaid physical or emotional support from family or friends • Emotional – Support for coping with feelings e. g. from counsellors • Physical – Support for day-to-day care needs e. g. help with mobility or shopping

Support offered by people (family, friends, partners, professional carers, including district nurse and social care worker) • Informal support is from family, friends and partners. – They can: • • • Provide reassurance Help to cope with change Support with health and change of circumstances Help with washing and dressing Help with day-to-day tasks Help to maintain independence

Support offered by people (family, friends, partners, professional carers, including district nurse and social care worker) • Formal support is from professional carers – Nurses, social workers, physiotherapists, counsellors etc. • • • Change dressings Prescribe medication Refer to other services for help Counselling to help with worries Advise about how to improve health and wellbeing Liaise with others about care needs

Support offered by community groups, voluntary and faith-based organisations • Community group – – Based in the local area They understand the needs of local people Can include self-help groups Offer support to people who can’t drive, food banks, low wage/unemployed people. • Voluntary groups – National or local – Can help with health needs, dementia, diabetes, welfare needs (e. g. bereavement) – Provide information and support – May work with professionals • Faith-based organisations – These are linked to a particular faith – They provide support for the health and welfare needs of religious groups – Support and advice is based on religious beliefs and morals