CSOM SAFE TYPE Dr Nirali Chauhan Levels of
- Slides: 40
CSOM – SAFE TYPE Dr Nirali Chauhan
Levels of Evidence �Grade A – Systemic reviews, Meta analyses, RCT �Grade B – Non-randomized studies �Grade C – Observational studies �Grade D – Case Series, Expert opinion
Levels of Evidence **** ~ Systematic reviews, meta analysis of randomized control studies *** ~ Non randomised studies ** ~ Observational or non experimental studies * ~ Expert opinion
Defination �Inflammatory changes of the mucoperiosteal lining of the middle ear cleft of insidious onset and protracted course, characterized by development of irreversible tissue pathology.
Classification Tubo-tympanic (safe type) Mucosal Attico-antral (unsafe type) Squamosal
TYPES OF COM Healed O. M. Tympanosclerosis Mucosal C. O. M. Inactive Dry Wet Perforation Sq. epithelial C. O. M. Active Inactive Retraction Pocket Active Cholesteatoma
Tubo-tympanic/ mucosal COM �Safe / benign �Involve anteroinferior part of ME cleft �Associated with central perforation
TT AA Discharge Profuse Mucoid, white Sticky Non foul smelling Intermittent Non blood stained Scanty Purulent, yellow Non sticky Foul smelling Conti. Blood stained Perforation Central in PT Attic or marginal Polyp Pale Red Granulations Uncommon Cholesteatoma Absent Present Hearing loss CHL/ mixed Complications Rare Common
Bacteriology • Streptococcus pneumoniae. • Pseudomonas aeruginosa, • Haemophilus influenzae, • Moraxella catarrhalis. • Respiratory syncytial virus
Etiology �Allergy to food �AOM & otitis media with effusion �Genetic & race �Environment �Poor socioeconomic status �Ascending infection from ET-URTI[***] �ET dysfunction [*] �GERD �Craniofacial anomalies �Autoimmune disease- ankylosing spondylitis [***] �Immune deficiency [*]
�Active mucosl COM associated with resorptive osteitis of part or all ossicular chain. [****] �Affected ossicles show hyperemia with proliferation of capillaries & prominent histiocytes. [****] �Long process of incus, stapes crurae, body of incus & manubrium are involved in this order of frequency. [***/**] �Reason that the long process of incus & SS most frequently affected due to their delicate structure & location rather than their tenuous blood supply.
�Resorption for bone is feature of both active mucosal & squamosal COM & mechnisam for resorption of bone is same for both types of COM. [***/**] -hyperamic decalcification - osteitis �Infection , inflamation, pressure & keratin lead to release of cytokines.
Pathology �Perforation �Polypoidal /edematous ME mucosa �Polyp �Tympanosclerosis �Ossicular necrosis �Adhesions
Symptoms �Chronically draining ear (>2 weeks), �Otalgia �Fever �Hearing loss
Signs �The external auditory canal may possibly be oedematous but is not usually tender. �The discharge varies from fetid, purulent and cheeselike to clear and serous. �Granulation tissue is often seen in the medial canal or middle ear space. �The middle ear mucosa seen through the perforation may be oedematous or even polypoid, pale, or erythematous.
Otoscopy �Perforation Central, in pars tensa. �Cholesteatoma/ granulations Absent
Differential diagnosis �Otitis externa (inflamed, eczematous canal without a perforation) �Foreign body �Impacted ear wax �Cholesteatoma �Wegener's granulomatosis �Neoplasm
Investigation �Miscroscopic examination �PTA �C & S �X – ray mastoid (schuller’s view) �CT temporal bone
CT-scan temporal bone
Treatment �Medical Treatment Aural toilet [*] Ear drops – more effective than systemic drugs [****] dry mopping + ear drops [****] Antibiotics according to C&S. Precaution – avoid nose blowing, KED
Surgical management �Chemical cautery of perforation margins. �Myringoplasty [***] �Tympanoplasty [**] Myringoplasty + ossiculoplasty �Treatmeat of contributory causes – adenoids, tonsil, sinusitis, allergy
Complications �Intratemporal Petrositis Facial paralysis – prognosis is good[***/**] Labyrinthitis �Intracranial Lateral sinus thrombophlebitis Meningitis Intracranial abscess �Sequelae include Hearing loss Tympanoscerosis
Prognosis �There is a good chance of control of infection. �The recovery of hearing loss varies, depending on the cause. Conductive hearing loss often can be partially corrected with surgery.
Austin’s Prognostic Features GROUP FEATURE INCIDENCE A MH+, SS+ 60% B MH+, SS- 23% C MH-, SS+ 8% D MH-, SS- 8%
an J aryngol d Neck. Mar 64(1): 5 ished ne Jul 6, doi: 07/s 120 10 -0114 - E 90 . Otitis media is an important and a highly prevalent disease of the middle ear and poses serious health problem world wide especially in developing countries where large percentage of the population lack specialized medical care, suffer from malnutrition and live in poor hygienic environmental conditions. It has been a general view that the hearing loss increases with the size of the perforation, more so if it is in the posterio inferior quadrant. It was found that the maximum average loss occurred at 250 Hz. The hearing loss is less in small perforations (less than 2 mm diameter) then in larger ones; less in perforations touching the manubrium than in those away from it, and also less in perforations of the anterioinferior quadrant than in those on posterio -inferior quadrant. A normally functioning eustachian tube is also an essential physiologic requirement for a healthy middle ear and normal hearing. . Young and class are the media. Tym and they are general prac Unilateral e of cases) in bilateral ear Hearing los 16 to 46 d. B mild condu observed to frequencies Malleolar pe compared t identical siz Hearing los tympanic m Site of perfo quadrant pa than anterio Roughly 1/3 have norma than 50% ha Eustachian
REFERENCES �JUNG Jy, Chole RA. Bone resorption in COM. ORL. 2002; 64: 95 -107. �Berman S. otitis media in developing countries. Paediatrics. 1995; 96: 126 -31. �Blevins NK. Routine pre operative imaging in chronic ear surgery. American journal of otology. 1998; 19: 527 -38. �Lee P, Kelly G. does size of perforation matters for myringoplasty? Clinical otolaryngology & allied sciences. 2002; 27; 331 -4.
MCQ
1. What are the characteristics of ear discharge in safe com except? a. b. c. d. Profuse & sticky Mucoid, white Foul smelling & Blood stained Intermittent
2. What are the characteristics of ear discharge in unsafe com? a. b. c. d. Scanty & Conti. Purulent, blood stained Non sticky, Foul smelling All of the above
3. Which ossicle is eroded first in COM? a. b. c. d. Long process of incus Stapes foot plate Stapes superastructure Malleus
4. Which is the best x-ray view for mastoid? a. b. c. d. Schuller’s view Water’s view Luc’s view Cadwell’s view
5. Which are the following are intracranial complications of COM except? a. b. c. d. Lateral sinus thrombophlebitis Meningitis Intracranial abscess Mastoiditis
Thank you
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