Chapter 11 Section 1 Notes HOME CHAPTER 11

Chapter 11 Section 1 Notes

HOME CHAPTER 11 Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact, 500– 1500 Time Line 850 s Byzantine culture spreads to Russia. 1240 Kiev destroyed by Mongols. 500 1500 527 Justinian becomes ruler of Byzantine Empire. 1054 Christianity splits into Roman Catholic and Orthodox branches. 1480 Ivan III ends Mongol control of Russia.

I. A New Rome in a New Setting

A. Constantine planned Constantinople as the new capitol of the New Empire

The Fall of Constantinople, 1453

B. The west began to decline while the east began to prosper

C. Justinian : A New Line of Caesars

1. Both empires divided in 395

2. 527 Justinian takes over

3. In 533 Justinian sends out his best general Belisarius to reconquer the Roman Empire

a. Able to control from Spain, across North Africa to the Eastern Empire

D. The Absolute Power of the Emperors

1. Ruled with absolute power

2. Ruled over the State and Church

3. Appointed and dismissed bishops at will

4. Emperors were under constant threat of assassination

a. Of 88, 29 died violently, while 13 abdicated the throne (Left)

II. Building the New Rome

A. The people of the Byzantine Empire thought of themselves as part of the Roman tradition

Byzantine Empire

B. Began to drop Latin and spoke Greek

C. Between 528 and 533 Justinian created his Code of Laws

1. The Code contained nearly 5, 000 Roman Laws

2. The Digest summarized Rome’s greatest law thinkers

3. The Institutes told law students how to use the laws

4. The Novellae were new laws added after 534

D. Creating the Imperial Capital

1. Justinian had an ambitious public building program

2. Constantinople had a 14 mile wall around it

Constantinople Wall

3. Church building was a passion for him

a. Hagia Sophia ( Holy Wisdom)

E. Constantinople’s Hectic Pace

1. Main street was called the Mese

a. Merchants lined the street

b. Became an International city

2. Hippodrome citizens could enjoy free entertainment

a. Greek for Horse and racecourse

b. Held 60, 000

3. Nika Rebellion Blues and Greens

a. Belisarius kills 30, 000

b. Theodora , Justinians wife urged him to stand

Theodora

III. Byzantium Preserves Learning

Byzantium

A. Families valued education

1. Sent children to monastic or public schools

2. Subjects included;

a. Greek

b. Latin

c. Philosophy

d. Rhetoric

e. Classical text

IV. The Empire Confronts its Enemies

A. By 565 there were street riots, religious quarrels, palace intrigues, and threats from foreigners

B. The Mysterious Plague of Justinian

1. Disease that resembled the bubonic plague

2. By 542 10, 000 people a day were dying

3. The plague broke out every 8 to 12 years until it died out in 700

C. Attacks from East and West

1. Germanic tribes attacked from the west

a. Avars, Slavs, Bulgars

2. The Sassanid Persians attacked from the East with help of the Muslims

a. Unsuccessful battles against Constantinople

1. 626, 674, 717, 860, 1043

Crusaders conquer Constantinople in 1204 eventually causing the Empire to fall to the Muslims or Ottoman Turks in 1453

V. The Church Divides

A. Two early church fathers

1. Saint Basil 357 wrote rules for monks in the east

St. Basil

2. Saint John Chrysostom became the first Patriarch

B. The west bans the use of icons

1. Iconoclasts destroyed icons in the church

2. In 843 an empress by the name of Theodora restored the icons to eastern churches

C. One Western Pope ordered the excommunication of a Byzantine Emperor

D. In 1054 the Great Schism when the Pope and Patriarch excommunicate each other

E. Byzantine Missionaries Convert the Slavs

1. Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril converted the slavs

Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril

th 2. In the 9 century the Cyrillic alphabet was introduced and became the alphabet of the Russian

Russian/Cyrillic Alphabet