THE REFORMATION CONTINUES Chapter 17 Section 4 BACKGROUND

THE REFORMATION CONTINUES Chapter 17 Section 4

BACKGROUND • Queen Elizabeth I established the Anglican Church, and although it was mainly Protestant, it remained similar to the Catholic Church. • Other forms of Protestantism were developing in Europe • In Switzerland, a major branch of Protestantism emerged based mainly on the teachings of John Calvin was French and was a follower of Luther.

REFORMATION CONTINUES • Huldrych Zwingli: • Catholic priest in Switzerland • Influenced by Erasmus (Christian humanism) and Luther (reformation) • 1520: Zwingli attacked the Catholic Church calling out abuses • 1531: war broke out between Catholics and Swiss Protestants • During that time, Zwingli dies • John Calvin: • 22 years old at this time, is in France investing time in his religious beliefs

JOHN CALVIN • Context • The 95 Theses in 1517; John Calvin was 8 • Published Institutes of the Christian Religion in 1536 • Expressed ideas about God, salvation, and human nature • It was a summary of Protestant theology, or religious beliefs • Said that there were a few “elect” that God knew who He would save • The doctrine of God knowing since the beginning who would be saved is called predestination • Calvinism • The religion based on Calvin’s teachings

CALVIN RULES • Calvin believed the ideal government was theocracy • Government controlled by religious leaders • 1541, Protestants in Geneva asked Calvin to lead their city • Strict rules…imprisoned, excommunicated or banished rule breakers • Heretics…burned at the stake • Viewed as a model city with highly moral citizens

CALVINISM SPREADS • Scottish preacher, John Knox visits Geneva • Returns to Scotland in 1559 and puts Calvinism in to practice • Each community church is governed by a group of men called elders or presbyters • Followers of Knox became known as Presbyterians • Became official religion of Scotland • Overthrew the Catholic ruler, Mary Queen of Scots • Her infant son James becomes King • Calvinism spreads to Switzerland, Netherlands, France

OTHER PROTESTANT GROUPS • Anabaptists • Baptized only those who were old enough to decide to be Christian • Said adults who had been baptized as children should be rebaptized • Means, “baptize again” in Greek • Taught church and state should be separate • Refused to fight wars, shared possessions • Viewed as radicals who threatened society by Catholics and Protestants • Were the foundations of the Amish and Mennonites • Later influenced the Quakers and the Baptists – groups who split off

WOMEN IN THE REFORMATION • Prominent roles in the early years • Marguerite of Navarre protected John Calvin from execution • Other noblewomen protected reformers • Wives of reformers supported them publicly and taught others • Luther’s wife • Katherina von Bora • Had 6 children, managed family finances • Fed all who visited their house, supported his work • Later on religious leaders limited women’s activity in the church

CATHOLIC REFORMATION • While all of the Protestant reformation is happening, millions remained true to Catholicism • There was a movement inside of Catholicism to help Catholics stay Catholic • This movement is now known as the Catholic Reformation • It was known as the Counter Reformation

IGNATIUS OF LOYOLA • While all of the Protestant reformation is happening, millions remained true to Catholicism • There was a movement inside of Catholicism to help Catholics stay Catholic • This movement is now known as the Catholic Reformation • It was known as the Counter Reformation