World War II Chapter 16 World War II

World War II Chapter 16 World War II

Paths to War: Germany & Japan Section 1 World War II

German Path to War • Hitler’s Idea: Aryan race & Germany would become a powerful country (large populations need more land, right? – How will Germany acquire more lebensraum? • Look to the EAST… • First Steps by Germany: – 1. Revise Treaty of Versailles by “peaceful” means. – 2. Built Air Force & military – 3. Reoccupy the Rhineland (demilitarized area) – 4. Appeasement – keep things peaceful in Britiain

New Alliances • Axis Powers – Italy – Japan – Germany • Hitler wanted to unite with Austria – Convinced Austria to put Nazis in charge of government & then Hitler annexed Austria as a part of Germany

Japanese Path to War • War with China – Japan wanted to expand into Chinese lands • New Asian Order – Japan wanted to help modernize the rest of Asia – Acquire Soviet Siberia (rich in resources) – Cooperated with Nazi Germany in plan to attack Soviet Union

Course of War Section 2 World War II

Germany Sparks a New War • Stalin and Hitler make a deal to reclaim land taken by Allies (Nonaggression Pact) • Germany invades Poland, France and Great Britain declare war on Germany September 1939. (Cannot mobilize troops) • Blitzkrieg “Lightning War” – new German war tactic • Stalin orders Russian troops to invade and occupy the western part of Poland

France Falls • Hitler launches an attack through Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands (side tracks France) • Germans made it through fortifications and into France, eventually took over Paris. • France surrendered June 22, 1940. • French resistance to German occupation set up a government in London to try to recapture France.

Battle of Britain • Winston Churchill – new British Prime Minister • Bombing Raids by German Luftwaffe (air force) • Two Technologies Helped British: – Radar Detection (# of planes and direction) – Enigma German code-making machine (to break code) • May 1941, Hitler called off attacks in Great Britain due to strong British resistance.

The Eastern Front • June 22, 1941 Hitler’s troops invade the Soviet Union (Russia). – Soviets not prepared for attack, WHY? • Soviets still used scorched earth policy (Who had this defeated before? ) • Germans siege Leningrad – 1 million people died in siege (Germans starved them to death and surrender) • Hitler’s order for no retreat when trying to take Moscow cost them 500, 000 lives when winter weather set in. (Sound familiar? )

Comprehension Check • 1. True or False: Hitler’s military tactic he used in WWII was called the Schlieffen plan. • 2. True or False: After Hitler invaded Poland, the United States declared war on Germany. • 3. True or False: At the beginning of the war, the United States remained neutral and did not join the war. • 4. True or False: Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister of France. • 5. True or False: Hitler made a costly mistake of invading the Soviet Union in 1941.

Japan’s Pacific Campaign Section 2 World War II

Pearl Harbor • December 7, 1941 – Attack on Pearl Harbor – First attack on American soil = declaration of war • Japanese Admiral, Isoroku Yamamoto said Pearl Harbor was a “dagger pointed at [Japan’s] throat” (a threat) & needs to be destroyed • U. S. knew attack was eminent, but did not know where • In 2 hours, Japanese had sunk 19 ships (8 battleships), 2, 300 Americans kiled/1, 100 wounded = SHOCK

Pearl Harbor

Allies Strike Back • Battle of Midway: 1, 500 miles west of Hawaii – Turning Point in War: Japan’s navy defeated • Douglas Mc. Arthur – general of U. S. troops in the Pacific – “Island Hopping” – trying to capture Japaneseheld islands

War Limits Civil Rights • Japanese Internment Camps – Japanese people were ‘relocated’ to internment camps throughout the Midwest – Americans feared Japanese and considered them the enemy after the attack at Pearl Harbor

Comprehension Check • Write a journal entry in the perspective of anyone involved in the Pearl Harbor attacks. – Describe what you see, hear, smell, feel, touch. – Be creative!

The Allied Victory Section 4 World War II

Two Front War • Battle of Stalingrad: Very similar to the Battle of Leningrad (same outcome for Germans), it was VERY costly for Soviets (lost 1 million soldiers, and 99% of Stalingrad was destroyed) • Invasion of Italy: Britain and U. S. invaded Italy to oust Mussolini – Mussolini arrested, but then placed back in power by Germans – Shot and hung in Milan for all to see (humiliation)

Allied Home Fronts • Americans (women) produced weapons used in the war; 17 -18 million produced war goods • Factories converted to wartime production (machine guns to boots) • Rationing consumer goods (factories producing less consumer goods) • Propaganda (to rally people to the war effort)

Victory in Europe • Dwight D. Eisenhower: general of the U. S. Army, commander at D-Day invasion • D-Day: 6/6/1944: Storming the beaches at Normandy, France; held the beach and marched into Paris (reclaimed France) • Battle of the Bulge 12/16/1944: 2 nd attempt to defeat Germans = successful • 5/7/1945 Germany Surrenders! – Allies converge on Berlin & fire – Hitler commits suicide; Germany surrenders – V-E Day: Victory in Europe Day, end of WWII

Victory in the Pacific • Atomic Bomb – Manhattan Project – Page 512 of textbook – Hiroshima – August 6, 1945 – Nagasaki – August 9, 1945 • Japanese surrendered on September 2, 1945. • The U. S. would occupy Japan and help rebuild the war-torn country. • Peace was official negotiated in 1951.

Comprehension Check • 1. True or False: Japanese-Americans were moved to internment camps during WWII. • 2. What does V-E Day stand for? • 3. True or False: Dwight D. Eisenhower was the U. S. general for troops during D-Day. • 4. True or False: The Allied troops were unsuccessful in reclaiming France from the Germans. • 5. True or False: The United States dropped three atomic bombs on Japan in 1945.

Europe and Japan in Ruins Section 5 World War II

Devastation in Europe • 40 million Europeans died (2/3 civilians) • 100 s of cities destroyed because of bombings • Famine because devastation to transportation systems and cities = food could not reach the citizens

Postwar Governments & Politics • Shift to Communism in countries like France and Italy. • Nuremberg Trials: War Crimes Court – 22 Nazi leaders accused of waging a war or aggression and committing crimes against humanity (murder of 11 million people)

Postwar Japan • Occupied Japan: General Mac. Arthur was in charged of the U. S. occupation of Japan. – Wanted to be fair, not cause resentment, and cause no future wars with Japan – Demilitarization of Japanese armed forces – War criminals on trial (condemned to hang) – Created a new Japanese constitution that formed a democratic government

Comprehension Check • 1. True or False: Mac. Arthur was the U. S. general who led the occupation of Japan. • 2. True or False: After WWII, governments did NOT change from Fascism. • 3. True or False: The Nuremberg trials tried Nazi war criminals for crimes against humanity. • 4. True or False: Peace was finally negotiated with Japan in 1951. • 5. True or False: Japan became a democracy after U. S. occupation.

The Holocaust Section 3 World War II

Holocaust Begins • “Night of Broken Glass” – 17 y. o. Herschel Grynszpan, Jew from Germany visiting uncle in Paris, shot a German diplomat in Paris over the deportation of his father – After this incident, violent attacks on Jewish communities by Germans (Nazis attacked) • Jewish refugees flood into other countries to protect themselves and families • Ghettos – isolation of Jews in own communities

“Final Solution” • Genocide • Concentration Camps Jews Killed Under Nazi Rule Original Population Jews Killed Percent Surviving Poland 3, 300, 000 2, 800, 000 15% Soviet Union 2, 100, 000 1, 500, 000 29% Hungary 404, 000 200, 000 49% Romania 850, 000 425, 000 50% Germany/A ustria 270, 000 210, 000 22%

Comprehension Check • • • 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.