Chapter 23 Living in a World at War

Moving Toward Lend-Lease Legislation • America First Committee • Against involvement-isolationism • “ Arsenal

Isolationism © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

America First © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Growing Tensions with Japan • Meanwhile, Japan’s expansion in East Asia causes the U.

Pearl Harbor © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Attack © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

War Declaration © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Mass Mobilization in a Society at War • The attack of December 7, 1941,

The Draft Again © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Deferments, Alternative Service, and War Work • Congress allowed young men to complete college-this

Women in Military Service • The U. S. Army established the Women’s Auxiliary Army

Rosie the Riveter and Her Friends • In the course of the war, more

Rosie! © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Women Workers WWII © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Marginalization in a Democracy — The March on Washington and the War at Home

Japanese Internment • 120, 000 native-born Americans of Japanese descent sent to relocation camps

Munson Report There is no Japanese `problem' on the Coast. There will be no

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Internment Camps MAP 23 -3, Internment Camps © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights

Why were the Japanese interned during WWII? • 1 minute: think about it •

Korematsu vs United States © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Industrial Strength, Industrial Prosperity • FDR said the United States needed to provide “crushing

FDR’s Four Freedoms © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Partner -Tell • What impact would the increase in the production of war goods

Wartime Production • The war ended the Great Depression • Factories to be run

Wartime Prosperity • Wartime rationing limited some goods. • People needed ration stamps to

Roosevelt’s Death, Truman’s Leadership • April 12, 1945 - FDR dies, Harry S. Truman

Rationing © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The War in the Pacific, 1943– 1945 • The U. S. employed a strategy

The Atomic Era Begins • Manhattan Project • Aug. 6, 1945 - the Enola

Hiroshima: What is the POV of these images? Partner Tell © 2015 Pearson Education,

Nagasaki and VJ Day © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Moving Toward Lend-Lease Legislation • America First Committee • Against involvement-isolationism • “ Arsenal of Democracy”- all measures short of war-FDR • Cash and Carry • Lend-Lease legislation - “loan” war materials to the British for the duration of the war © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Growing Tensions with Japan • Meanwhile, Japan’s expansion in East Asia causes the U. S. to shut off oil shipments. • Knew an attack was coming, thought it would be the Philippines • Dec. 7, 1941 - Japanese planes attack the U. S. naval fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Mass Mobilization in a Society at War • The attack of December 7, 1941, changed everything. • All Americans had their lives changed by the war. • The war provided a job for everyone, and wartime jobs vastly expanded the size of the nation’s middle class. • Ended the Great Depression © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Deferments, Alternative Service, and War Work • Congress allowed young men to complete college-this happens in Vietnam as well. • Other Americans found themselves in new jobs they had never before imagined. – Women Rosie and Wendy! • 43, 000 conscientious objectors were “opposed to participation in war in any form. ” © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Women in Military Service • The U. S. Army established the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps, or WACs • U. S. Navy created the Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service, or WAVES © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Rosie the Riveter and Her Friends • In the course of the war, more than 6 million more women entered the workforce • Some 2 million women went to work in previously all-male defense plants where they sometimes made up half of the workforce. • On the West Coast, 500, 000 women worked in the aircraft industry and 225, 000 in shipbuilding. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Marginalization in a Democracy — The March on Washington and the War at Home • A. Philip Randolph proposed a massive march on Washington to advocate for blacks’ economic rights. • FDR signed the Fair Employment Practices Committee, protecting African. American’s economic rights. • The march was called off. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Japanese Internment • 120, 000 native-born Americans of Japanese descent sent to relocation camps in the West. • Some German Americans and Italian Americans, too but not under Executive order (9066) by FDR. • Video: Visible Target-15 facts in your Interactive Notebook, next right page. • Left side: Japanese Internment Page © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Munson Report There is no Japanese `problem' on the Coast. There will be no armed uprising of Japanese. There will undoubtedly be some sabotage financed by Japan and executed largely by imported agents. . . In each Naval District there about 250 to 300 suspects under surveillance. It is easy to get on the suspect list, merely a speech in favor of Japan at some banquet being sufficient to land one there…There is far more danger from Communists and people of the Bridges type on the Coast than there is from Japanese. The Japanese here is almost exclusively a farmer, a fisherman or a small businessman. He has no entree to plants or intricate machinery © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Why were the Japanese interned during WWII? • 1 minute: think about it • 3 minutes: write about it • 1 minute: read and circle 3 main ideas (word or phrase) from your writing • 2 minutes write: (about those- or keep writing) • 30 seconds: read & put a square around 1 word or phrase • 1 minute: write (on that-or just keep writing) © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Industrial Strength, Industrial Prosperity • FDR said the United States needed to provide “crushing superiority of equipment in any theater of the world war. ” • Roosevelt insisted that the United States produce: – – 60, 000 airplanes in 1942 and 185, 000 in 1943 120, 000 tanks 55, 000 anti-aircraft guns 16 million tons of merchant shipping © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Partner -Tell • What impact would the increase in the production of war goods have in the United States? • Cite three specific pieces of evidence to share out! • On your white board! © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Wartime Prosperity • Wartime rationing limited some goods. • People needed ration stamps to purchase their monthly allotment of meat, coffee, tires, and gasoline, and new cars were simply not available. • Housing was scarce, too. • A reduction in the speed limit © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Roosevelt’s Death, Truman’s Leadership • April 12, 1945 - FDR dies, Harry S. Truman becomes president • April 30, 1945 - Hitler commits suicide • May 8, 1945 - Germany surrenders, VE Day • Think about it: How would VE Day impact the war in the pacific? Partner Tell © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Atomic Era Begins • Manhattan Project • Aug. 6, 1945 - the Enola Gay drops “Little Boy” on Hiroshima • 100, 000 die instantly • Aug. 9 - “Fat Man” dropped on Nagasaki • 60, 000 die instantly • Aug. 14 - Japan surrenders, VJ Day © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.