Chapter 11 Section 1 Notes World War I

Chapter 11 Section 1 Notes World War I Begins

4 Long Term Causes (MAIN) and 1 Event that Sparks the War l Fill out Graphic Organizer Completely l Work with your table partner to make sure it’s completed and labelled properly l. Think about which cause was most responsible for starting the war while you’re doing this!

Militarism l Building up armed forces (more people, equipment) Best Army in Europe pre WWI = Germany l Best Navy in Europe pre WWI = England l l Countries SPENT A LOT OF $$$ TO DO IT (NEXT SLIDE) l Germany Navy was catching up l Wilhelm II (emperor of Germany) l Wanted to show strength

Alliance System l Defense agreements between different countries l l The Triple Entente (Allies) l l “war with 1 country meant war with all” France, Russia, Great Britain The Triple Alliance (Central Powers) l Germany, Austria – Hungary, Italy (in beginning), Ottoman Empire (later)

Imperialism l extension of a nation's territory beyond its borders through the establishment of colonies. Why? Land, resources, trade, etc… (we did this already) l Areas in Africa, Asia, Middle East, Islands in Atlantic and Pacific were targets for European powers l Least Successful European Power = GERMANY l

Nationalism l Extreme Pride in one’s country. l “We Are Superior” l ethnicity, religion, culture, history, etc… l Multiple countries in Europe felt this way l Examples: in Newspapers (cartoons & articles), Songs, Books, Schools, etc…

Assassination the event that triggers the start of the war l Archduke Franz Ferdinand wife killed l l Heir to the throne in Austria – Hungary

Gavrilo Princip The Assassin Part of group in Serbia that wanted land controlled by Austria -Hungary for its own people

l Austria – Hungary declares war on Serbia (They want revenge) l l Russia (which had an alliance with Serbia) declares war on Austria-Hungary Things spiral out of control l (countries honor alliances) All countries don’t want to look like wimps (see cartoon)

BIGGEST CAUSE OF WWI? l l Militaries = Big, Well Trained and Equipped Alliances = countries “have each others backs” Imperialism = Germany wants more land Nationalism = all countries think they’re the best and they’re ready to show it.

What is the biggest cause of WWI? l DO NOT USE I, ME, YOU, ETC… l Need a full paragraph (7 to 10 sentences) l State a claim (1 simple sentence). l The biggest cause of WWI is ________. l Provide reasoning and evidence to back up your claim (3 sentences minimum) l Provide counterargument and state why its wrong (2 sentences minimum) l Some people may say ________ is the biggest cause of WWI. They are wrong because… l Restate claim, include reasoning (1 sentence).

WWI officially begins August 3 rd, 1914. l Germany is the aggressor l l Goal = colonize parts of Europe (using its superior army) l They tried elsewhere (globally) and failed Germany’s strategy = Schlieffen Plan Step #1 = Hold off Russia l Step #2 = Quickly Defeat Belgium and France l Step #3 = Focus attention on Russia l

Why the Schlieffen Plan didn’t work l France was tougher to defeat than Germany thought l Germany didn’t count on Britain and U. S. getting involved

Trench Warfare 4 Types of Trenches a. Front Line sees most action b. Support provides backup c. Reserve for injured, sleep high rank officers d. Communication connects all a – c links wire allows travel War mostly defensive Under this system Not much movement Gross Conditions!

Why the British got Involved l England had an alliance with Belgium l l honored their agreement England was afraid it would lose its status as THE GLOBAL SUPERPOWER if it didn’t get involved l Germany would have access to lots of natural resources if they defeated France and Russia

What about the U. S. ? l Neutral at 1 st. Why? l None of our business (European war) l U. S. is melting pot… has citizens with ties to both sides l War is wrong (Pacifists) l “Why should our sons die over this? ” l Different than Spanish – American War l Much bigger threat since Cuba is close to U. S.

l l Most of U. S. Sides with Allies Why? l l More U. S. citizens have common ethnic background with Allies. Negative Media coverage of Germany l l attacking civilian homes, hospitals, churches, etc… Much more business with Allies l even more true after war started l U. S. businesses couldn’t supply stuff fast enough l made millions of $’s Inside a bomb factory

U. S. Gov prepares for possible war. l Why? A. Make sure they get paid back debts from Allies l B. To protect U. S. ships from being sunk l War debt still not all paid off!

Naval Battles between England Germany l England attempts to blockade Germany l not allow supplies to reach the country by sea l 750, 000 Germans starve to death during the war

Germany develops the U – boat (a sub) Had some success breaking blockades by sinking Allied ships • U. S. Media covers this big time! Sways public opinion •

U. S. Govt. 1 st pressured to act l 1915, Germany sunk the Lusitania l l It was a passenger ship (like the Titanic) l 1200 people died including over 100 U. S. 1916, Germany fired on the Sussex l another passenger ship, injured several from U. S. Wilson demands that Germany not fire on any more passenger ships l Germany agrees (the Sussex Pledge) l The U. S. stays neutral (temporarily) l

1916 Election Democrats = Woodrow Wilson (incumbent) l Republicans = Charles Evans Hughes (Head of Sup. Court) l l Wilson wins in close election (main reason – kept us out of war so far)

Wilson’s goal after reelection act as peacemaker in Europe l called for a “peace without victory” l l nobody wins, nobody loses l both sides leave the war as “equals” or there would be problems later (this didn’t happen… and he was right!)

How did U. S. finally get involved? 3 steps l 1. Germany began using U boats to sink all Allied and U. S. ships violated Sussex Pledge (WHY? ) l To allow supplies to get to Germany l To prevent supplies from arriving to the Allies l Germany knew this would anger the U. S. l figured they could end the war before the U. S. got involved. l Wilson allowed non-military ships to arm and defend themselves l Camouflage paint job and guns mounted on left side of supply ship

l 2. The Zimmerman Note Plans for Mexico to form an alliance with Germany l Wanted Mexico to declare war on U. S. and cause problems along border. l Would force U. S. military to stay home l If Mexico helped Germany and they won the war l l Mexico would get Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico The American public wanted war for the 1 st time

l 3. Russia out of the war l A Communist Revolution overthrew the czar l People fed up with war, poor conditions New leadership (Bolsheviks) signed a peace treaty l Russia gave up a lot of land (Ukraine) l U. S. Govt. felt it should enter the war now because l #1. We didn’t like Russia (didn’t want to be allies with them) l #2. Without help, Europe would become controlled by Germany l

U. S. Declares War l l Wilson officially declares it April 6 th, 1917. l Almost 3 years after it started l Congress overwhelming approved stated goal (according to Wilson) is to make the world “safe for democracy”