World War Looms Chapter 24 Essential Vocabulary Totalitarian

World War Looms Chapter 24

Essential Vocabulary Totalitarian ► Fascism ► Nazism ► Neutrality Acts ► Appeasement ► Nonaggression pact ► Blitzkreig ► Holocaust ► Genocide ► Ghetto ► Concentration camp ► Axis Powers ► Allies ► Atlantic Charter ► Manhattan Project ► Rationing ► D-Day ► Kamikaze ► Nuremberg trials ► Internment ►

Objectives ► 10. 01 § § § Appeasement Isolationism Reparations Totalitarian governments Treaty of Versailles Worldwide depression ► 10. 02 ► 10. 03 § The United States at war § The influences of propaganda at home and abroad § Designs for peace § § The Homefront Suspension of civil liberties Suburbanization Transition to peacetime

Essential Questions ► How are civil liberties challenged during times of conflict? ► How has the perception of the US in the world changed as US self-perception has changed? ► How has the American view of the world been shaped by its own size, location, and natural resource base? ► Why was World War II a major turning point in American history?

Aftermath of World War I ► Nationalism Grips Europe and Asia ► 2 Failures of the Treaty of Versailles § Caused anger and resentment § Democracies that were created collapsed

Communism ► An economic and political system ► One Party System ► State ownership of all property

Totalitarianism ► Totalitarian: Gov. has full control over the people. ► No rights, no opposition ► Total control

► Stressed Fascism nationalism. ► Placed interest of the state over the individual ► Strength unity. ► Fasces though in Latin

Nazism ► German brand of ► Extreme nationalism ► Extreme Racism ► Extreme Expansion Fascism

USSR ► Joseph Stalin ► Soviet Union established in 1922 ► Wanted to make the Soviet Union a great industrial power ► Responsible for the deaths of 8 -13 million of his own people ► Totalitarian-Communist

► Benito Mussolini ► Powerful ► Fear speaker of communism ► Marched 1922 ► “Black on Rome in Shirts” ► Totalitarian-Fascist Italy

Germany ► Adolf Hitler ► Appointed chancellor in 1933 ► Mein Kampf-My Struggle ► Wanted to bring all German speaking people under one empire ► Racial purification ► National expansion Established the Third Reich ► Totalitarian-Nazism ►

Japan and Spain ► Japan § Militarists § Seized control of Manchuria in 1931 § Quit the League of Nations ► Spain § Francisco Franco § After the Spanish Civil War, Franco emerged as the fascist dictator

America Responds Cautiously ► Isolationism ► Neutrality Acts § Outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war and to nations in civil wars

Austria ► Small nation created after The Paris Peace Conference ► Majority of population were Germans ► March 12 th 1938 Austria Falls unopposed. ► World does nothing

Czechoslovakia/ Sudetenland ► In Sudetenland, western boarder of Czechoslovakia ► 3 Million German speaking people lived ► More living space ► More Resources

Protection to Appeasement ► Britain and France to protect Czechoslovakia ► Neville Chamberlain and Edouard Daladier invited to Munich, Germany to meet with Hitler ► Sudetenland “last territorial demand” ► Munich Agreement signed in Sep. 1938 by Chamberlain, Daladier, and Hitler. Gave Sudetenland to Germany, no shots fired. ► Appeasement: Giving up principals to pacify and aggressor.

Winston Churchill ► Political rival of Neville Chamberlain ► Believed the Munich Agreement was shameful ► Hated the idea of appeasement ► ► “Britain and France had to chose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They will have war. ”

The German Offensive Begins ► March 15 th, 1939 rest of Czechoslovakia. taken. ► Britain and France both to supply military aid to Poland ► Germany wouldn’t dare, could bring Russia, Britain, and France in. ► Two Front War.

Soviet Union ► August 23 rd 1939 Signing of the Nonaggression Pact: both Russia and Germany would not attack each other. ► Secret pact to divide Poland ► Two mas Front War no ► Poland's sealed fate is

Blitzkrieg in Poland ► Made ► September ► Blitzkrieg: War ► Luftwaffe 1 st 1939 Lightning – German Forces pour into Poland use of new German technologies. Faster Tanks and more powerful airplanes ► Bombing cities, military bases, airfields, and railroads ► Chaos in the country.

War Declared ► September 3 rd 1939 ► Britain and France declare war ► Soviet Union takes eastern portion of Poland

The Phony War ► French and British troops sat on Maginot Line: system of fortifications along eastern Franco-German Boarder. ► German Forces sat on Siegfried Line: ► Germans war. called this the Sitzkrieg: Sitting

Soviet Union ► After taking eastern Poland ► Stalin takes Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania ► Also takes Finland by end of 1939

Germany ► April 4 th 1940 ► Hitler takes Denmark and Norway to “protect those countries freedom and independence. ” ► By May of 1940 Belgium, The Netherlands, and Luxembourg are over run

France and Britain Fight On ► Maginot Line is ineffective ► Bypasses through Belgium ► Into Ardennes: Wooded region in northeastern France ► Next stop Paris

Fall of France ► Germans trap 400, 000 French, Belgian, and British Troops at Dunkirk ► In 1 week more than 800 vessels brought 330, 000 troops to Britain. ► Italy joins in war on German side ► Invades France ► Fall southern of France § June 22, 1940 § Charles de Gaulle ► Set up a government-inexile

Battle of Britain ► Germany cant ► Every night for two compete with British months bombs fell Navy on London ► Fight ► Use by air of 2, 600 Planes ► Royal Air Force use of radar to take down planes

The Holocaust ► Holocaust § Systematic murder of 11 million people, more than half of them Jews ► The Persecution Begins § Anti-Semitism : hatred of jews § Nuremberg Laws 1935: ► Jews were stripped of their rights, property, and jobs ► Forced to wear a yellow star for identification

The Persecution Begins ► Kristallnacht § November 9 -10, 1938 § “Night of the Broken Glass” ► Flood of Jewish Refugees § Many fled the country, but had trouble finding countries that would accept them § St. Louis

Hitler’s “Final Solution” ► Genocide—deliberate and systematic killing of an entire population ► Targeted groups: Jews, gypsies, freemasons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, mentally deficient, mentally ill, physically disabled, incurably ill

Hitler’s “Final Solution” ► Ghettos § Segregated areas in certain Polish cities ► Concentration camps § Labor camps ► The Final Stage § Mass exterminations ► Death camps

The Condemned ► Belief that the Aryan Race was superior ► Need to rid of the undesirables ► Special Nazi Death “Security Squadrons” (SS)

Write a reflection ►I want you to consider the impact the Holocaust may have on a population. Include some details which you have learned in this lesson. You may write it as a letter, Journal entry, or even pose questions. Please be sure to take your time.

Turn to your partner ► Why do you think this happened? ► What would you do if this were to happen to you and your family? ► How were these people targeted in what ways? ► Do you think this will ever happen again?

Inside the Nazi War Machine ► http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=YPd. RRU vnji 4

Crash Course ► http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Objoad 6 r. G 6 U

America Moves Toward War ► Moving away from neutrality ► Cash-and Carry: allowing warring nations to buy U. S goods, so long as they paid in cash and transported it ► Aim was to assist Great Britain and France defeat Hitler ► Passage of Neutrality Act 1939

Axis Threat ► Tripartite Pact § Germany, Italy and Japan § Became known as the Axis Powers ► Axis power’s would come to the aid of each other ► Goal KEEP U. S OUT OF WAR!!!

Carving it up ► Answer the following questions. ► Who is in the picture? ► What are they doing? ► What is the artist pointing

Building Defense ► Roosevelt requests building up ► Change in American mentality ► Selective Training and Service Act: First peace time draft. 16 million men 21 -35.

Election of 1940 ► Breaking tradition of two term presidency ► Roosevelt vs. Wendell Willkie ► Roosevelt ► In 1951 the 22 nd Amendment is passed: “No person shall be elected to the office of the president more than twice. ” runs for a third term and wins with 55% of the ► What do you think? vote

“The Great Arsenal of Democracy” ► Fire side chat ► Roosevelt: “No man can tame a tiger into a kitten by stroking it” ► The Axis powers could take over the world ► THE U. S MUST BECOME THE GREAT ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY”

America Moves Toward War ► Lend-Lease Plan § The president would lend or lease arms to “any country whose defense was vital the United States” § Great Britain and U. S. S. R benefit § Lending your neighbor a garden hose ► Lend-Lease 1941 Act-

Issues with Lend-Lease ► German Wolf Packs § German submarines § 350, 000 tons of shipments in one month ► Roosevelt gives ships permission to attack in self defense.

Point and Counterpoint ► Please work in your groups of two ► Answer the questions in full sentences ► After WWI many Americans became isolationists. Do you recommend that the US practice Isolationism? Explain ► Why do you think most Americans felt it was necessary to become Isolationist. Support your answer

FDR Plans for War ► The Atlantic Charter § Joint declaration of war aims ► Collective security, disarmament, selfdetermination, economic cooperation, and freedom of the seas ► Roosevelt points out the Allies: all those who fought against Evil/Axis Powers

Japan Needs More ► Japan’s § § § expansion Hideki Tojo Expansion into China Take over British and Dutch holdings in pacific. U. S cuts off trade NO MORE OIL! Japan’s Military Machine can’t function.

Attack on Pearl Harbor ► Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 Hour and a half air raid 2, 403 Americans killed 1, 178 wounded 21 ships sunk or damaged § Destruction of almost all U. S Pacific Fleet § § § ► “A DATE WHICH WILL LIVE IN INFAMY”

Reaction to Pearl Harbor ► Roosevelt’s Congress Address to § Asked for a declaration of war against Japan § Approved § End to isolationism § Germany and Italy declared war on the US three days later

Using the Primary Source ► Read the P. S answer the questions ► Be sure to answer in full ► http: //www. youtub e. com/watch? v=n 5 L Ktzp. WNB 8

Pearl Harbor ► http: //www. youtub e. com/watch? v=Sv 1 niwx. Qgo. Y

WWII From Space ► https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=GBYeg 1 Vz 6 X 0

The United States in World War II Chapter 25

Mobilizing for Defense ► Selective Service § 5 million volunteered § 10 million were drafted ► Expanding the Military § George Marshall—Army Chief of Staff General § Women’s Auxiliary Army corps (WAAC) ► Women would serve in noncombat positions ► Nurses, ambulance drivers, radio operators, electricians, pilots

A Production Miracle ► Industrial Response § Many domestic industries (cars, pencils, etc. ) switched to war production ► Labor’s Contribution § Women and minority workers filled the war industry jobs § Were paid less § A. Philip Randoph ► Led the way to equitable opportunity in industry

A Production Miracle ► Manhattan Project § Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) § Atomic bomb § Albert Einstein

Federal Government Takes Control ► Office of Price Administration (OPA) § Froze prices on most goods § Fighting inflation ► War Production Board (WPB) § Peacetime to wartime companies § Scrap material, raw materials ► Rationing § Fixed allotments of goods deemed essential for the military

The War for Europe and North Africa ► The US and Britain join forces § War Plans ► Churchill and Roosevelt met to discuss their plans —the US would attack Hitler first § The Battle of the Atlantic ► German wolf packs ► Convoy system, sonar

The Eastern Front and the Mediterranean ► Stalingrad § The Germans are finally defeated § Turning point in the war § Soviet death toll: 1, 100, 000 soldiers ► North Africa § Operation Torch § General Dwight D. Eisenhower § Allies are victorious ► Ernie Pyle—war correspondent

The Eastern Front and the Mediterranean ► The Italian Campaign § Sicily falls § Moussilini is forced to resign § Italy does not fall until 1945

Heroes ► Tuskegee ► Buffaloes ► Nisei Airmen

The Allies Liberate Europe ► D-Day Eisenhower Normandy June 6, 1944 Largest land-sea-air operation in army history § Omaha Beach § §

D-Day ► Omar Bradley § Led air and land bombardment at St. Lo § Allowed George Patton and his Third Army to advance ► Liberated Paris § By September 1944, the Allies had freed France, Belgium, and Luxembourg

The Allies Liberate Europe ► Battle of the Bulge § German troops advanced to create a bulge in the Allied lines § Germans are pushed back ► Liberation Camps of the Death § Horrors of the death camps

Unconditional Surrender ► Hitler and his wife commit suicide ► V-E Day § May 8, 1945 § Victory in Europe Day ► Roosevelt’s Death § Died April 12, 1945 § Harry S. Truman becomes President

The War in the Pacific ► Douglas Mac. Arthur ► Doolittle’s Raid § Raid on Tokyo § “Tokyo Bombed! Doolittle Do’od It” ► Coral Sea § Americans and Australians § Japanese were turned back

The War in the Pacific ► Battle of Midway § Strategic island northwest of Hawaii § Allies stopped the Japanese § Chester Nimitz— commander of American naval forces in the Pacific § Turning point in the Pacific War § “Island Hopping”

The Allies Go On the Offensive ► Japanese Defense § Kamikaze—suicide plane - Divine Wind § Refers to when the Mongols tried to invade ► Iwo Jima § Could act as a base for bombers to reach Japan § Heavily defended § 6, 000 marines died

The Allies Go On the Offensive ► Battle for Okinawa § Allies invaded in April 1945 § 7, 600 Americans died § 110, 000 Japanese died

The Atomic Bomb Ends the War Cloud after the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. ► Manhattan Project § Led by J. Robert Oppenheimer § Very secretive § Hiroshima—military center ► Bomb dropped on August 6, 1945 § Nagasaki after the second bomb was dropped.

Rebuilding Begins ► Yalta Conference § February 1945 ► Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin met in Yalta ► Big Three § Division of Germany into four zones § Stalin would join the war in Japan ► Nuremberg Trials § 24 surviving Nazi leaders put on trial § 12 were sentenced to death

Rebuilding Begins ► Occupation of Japan § Occupied by the US under General Douglas Mac. Arthur § War trials—Prime Minister Hideki Tojo executed § Seven year occupation ► Reshaped their economy ► New constitution

The Home Front ► Opportunity Adjustment and § Economic Gains ► Unemployment fell ► Wages rose ► Women in the work force § Population Shifts § Social adjustments ► GI Bill of Rights § Provided for education and training for veterans § Provided loan guarantees—homes or businesses FDR signs the GI Bill of Rights.

Discrimination and Reaction ► Civil Rights Protests § James Farmer ► Founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) § Zoot-Suit Riots

Internment of Japanese Americans ► Internment § Confinement § Korematsu v. United States ► Military necessity § Japanese American Citizens League (JACL)