Whos your Daddy Whos your First Cousin PHYLOGENY

Who’s your Daddy? (Who’s your First Cousin)

PHYLOGENY:

Cladogram:

a ryo ngi mb eta m d. E ne Ga tai lar Re llu ice ult M Ph rag mo pla Ch lor op st hy ll b APOMORPHIC CHARACTER:

ia ryo ang mb met a d. E ne ar G l tai Re cellu i ult M AUTAPOMORPHIC CHARACTER:

op m ag r Ph t or hl s la C hy op b ll SYNAPOMORPHIC CHARACTER:

Cell Membrane Nucleus Organelles PLEISOMORPHIC CHARACTER:

PLEISOMORPHY or APOMORPHY? Phragmoplast Retained Embryo Multicellular Gametangia Outgroup Analysis Cell Membrane Organelle Nucleus

Cladistics: Method for constructing phylogenetic trees that relies on _________ and. .

. . _________ (Homoplasy = Parallel Evolution and Reversal of Character States)

Cladogram:

Anagenesis: Cladogenesis:

Cladogenesis in Green Algae a ryo ngi mb eta m d. E ne Ga tai lar Re llu ice ult M Ph rag mo pla Ch lor op hy ll b st

A) Monophyletic Group (= Clade):

Example: Green Algae and Plants (Kingdom “Viridiplantes”) d ne me mo pla Ch lor op hy ll b o ia bry tang Ga rag Em lar llu ice ult tai Re M Ph st

Example: “Angiosperms” ?

B) Paraphyletic Group:

Example: “Prokaryotes”

Example: “Green Algae” a ryo ngi mb eta m d. E ne Ga tai lar Re llu ice ult M Ph rag mo pla Ch lor op hy ll b st

C) Polyphyletic Group:

Example: “Algae”

Sister Group:

Sister Groups: Chlorella Chlamydomonas Spirogyra Oedogonium Chara Coleochaete Ulva a ryo ngi mb eta m d. E ne Ga tai lar Re llu ice ult M Ph rag mo pla Ch lor op hy ll b st

Types of Characters Used in Cladistics

Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Cell Wall Components Cellulose Polygalactan Alginate

Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Closed versus Open Mitosis Closed Mitosis

Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition Phycoplast Phragmoplast (No Role of Microtubules)

Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Plasmodesma Present Absent

Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Presence, Absence; Type of Flagella Isomorphic Flagella Dimorphic Flagella No Flagella

Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Bounding Membranes of Chloroplast

Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Thylakoid Structure Concentric Bands Short Stacks

Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Pigments Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b, c Beta-Carotene Phycoproteins

Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Photosynthesis Storage Product Starch Floridean Starch Laminarin

Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Life Cycle Haplontic Diplontic Alternation of Generations

Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Gametangia Complexity Unicellular Multicellular

Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Retained Embryo No Yes