The M 6 8 1868 Hayward earthquake 140

The ~M 6. 8 1868 Hayward earthquake 140 years later Tom Brocher and colleages U. S. Geological Survey Menlo Park, CA USGS Fact Sheet 2008 -3019 Boatwright & Bundock, USGS OFR 2008 -1121

Lawson Report, 1908

Boatwright & Bundock, USGS OFR 2008 -1121 1868 “the great San Francisco earthquake” The East Bay north of Oakland was very sparsely settled, and few reports of the earthquake are available. This region still consisted of large rancheros and cowboys.

Boatwright & Bundock, USGS OFR 2008 -1121 1868 “the great San Francisco earthquake” Found new reports to supplement Toppozada’s work Shaking intensities were strong from San Leandro south through Hayward towards Fremont They were weaker in Oakland Mission San Jose

Yu and Segall, JGR, 1996, used historical triangulation survey data to estimate 1. 9 m of coseismic slip during the 1868 quake. Creep on the Hayward Fault, afterslip, and slip from other contemporary earthquakes make this a challenging problem.

~M 6. 8 Oct. 21, 1868 Hayward earthquake • 30 fatalities, 5 in San Francisco (7 th most lethal California earthquake) • $350, 000 (in 1868 dollars) in damage in San Francisco alone • Extensive damage in San Leandro, Hayward, and Fremont (total population less than 2000) • Bay Area population was 260, 000 (at 7 million, it is now 27 times larger) USGS Fact Sheet 2008 -3019

Impacts of the 1868 Hayward earthquake

2 nd Alameda Co. Courthouse, San Leandro Courthouse Society of California Pioneers “At San Leandro the shock was more sensibly felt than at any other point on that side of the Bay. All the buildings were terribly shaken, adobes were thrown to the ground, brick structures, and even frame buildings were demolished. The Court House and County Jail were shaken down. ” San Francisco Morning Call, 22 Oct. 1868

Hotel Society of California Pioneers Haywards Hotel, Haywards, 1860 s Hayward was heavily damaged by the 1868 earthquake. “Practically not a house was left on its foundations…” “Many buildings were much damaged. ” (Lawson Report, 1908).

Mission San Jose Fremont Before Bancroft Library “The old Mission church, which was of adobe, was shaken down, as were several other buildings at the same place. ” Lawson Report, 1908 Library of Congress After

The 1868 quake impacted building design in the Bay Area through 1906 Stephen Tobriner, Bracing For Disaster, 2006. UC Berkeley, South Hall, built 1873

Residents noted the localization of damage to areas of made ground (landfill)

Bancroft Library Settlement Reinstein Clothing Factory, 314 California St.

1868 “the great San Francisco earthquake” Berkeley Despite the admonition to not build on landfill, the East Bay has added a substantial amount of landfill since 1868 and 1906. Oakland Alameda San Leandro Boatwright & Bundock, USGS OFR 2008 -1121

1868 “the great San Francisco earthquake” Berkeley Much of Alameda, the Oakland Airport, the Port of Oakland, and Emeryville are built on landfill. Emeryville Oakland The liquefaction potential of this area was recently studied by Holzer et al. Alameda San Leandro Boatwright & Bundock, USGS OFR 2008 -1121

X Phil Stoffer, A Green Guide to the Hayward Fault, 3 dparks. wr. usgs. gov/ haywardfault

An Ominous Comparison

1868 Hayward Earthquake Commemoration Help commemorate the 140 th anniversary of the 1868 Hayward quake at 7: 55 AM Tues. Oct. 21 st in a brief public ceremony at the front steps of Mission San Jose, 43300 Mission Blvd. , Fremont. Mission San Jose 1868 alliance. org

Abstracts are due by August 15 th see www. consrv. ca. gov/ cgs/news/eastbaycon ference. htm

1868 alliance. org