EDO JAPAN 1603 1868 The Tokugawa Shogunate The
![EDO JAPAN: 1603 -1868 The Tokugawa Shogunate EDO JAPAN: 1603 -1868 The Tokugawa Shogunate](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-1.jpg)
![The emperor reigned, but did not always rule! Feudal Society The emperor reigned, but did not always rule! Feudal Society](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-2.jpg)
![Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-3.jpg)
![Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-4.jpg)
![Code of Chivalry * Justice * Loyalty * Defense * Courage * Faith * Code of Chivalry * Justice * Loyalty * Defense * Courage * Faith *](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-5.jpg)
![Code of Bushido * Fidelity * Politeness * Virility * Simplicity Code of Bushido * Fidelity * Politeness * Virility * Simplicity](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-6.jpg)
![Medieval Warriors vs. European knight Samurai Warrior Medieval Warriors vs. European knight Samurai Warrior](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-7.jpg)
![Medieval Warriors vs. Knight’s Armor Samurai Armor Medieval Warriors vs. Knight’s Armor Samurai Armor](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-8.jpg)
![Zen Buddhism A variation of the Mahayana form of Buddhism, Centered on Meditation It Zen Buddhism A variation of the Mahayana form of Buddhism, Centered on Meditation It](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-9.jpg)
![将軍 Shogun : • Literally, “military commander” • De Facto ruler of Japan • 将軍 Shogun : • Literally, “military commander” • De Facto ruler of Japan •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-10.jpg)
![大名 Daimyō: • powerful landholding elite • Direct control of the land the peasants 大名 Daimyō: • powerful landholding elite • Direct control of the land the peasants](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-11.jpg)
![侍 Samurai: • Literally, “one who serves” • 1/15 of the total population • 侍 Samurai: • Literally, “one who serves” • 1/15 of the total population •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-12.jpg)
![Farmers & Peasants: • More than 80% of total population • Taxed 40 -50% Farmers & Peasants: • More than 80% of total population • Taxed 40 -50%](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-13.jpg)
![Townspeople and Merchants: • Lifestyles were strictly governed by laws dictating what they could Townspeople and Merchants: • Lifestyles were strictly governed by laws dictating what they could](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-14.jpg)
![C A S T L E S C A S T L E S](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-15.jpg)
![Osaka Castle Osaka Castle](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-16.jpg)
![Matsumoto Castle Matsumoto Castle](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-17.jpg)
![Himeji Castle Japan Himeji Castle Japan](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-18.jpg)
![Caernorfon Castle, Wales Caernorfon Castle, Wales](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-19.jpg)
![Warwick Castle, England Warwick Castle, England](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-20.jpg)
![• 1453 Portuguese traders and Christian missionaries arrive, strengthening ties with the outside • 1453 Portuguese traders and Christian missionaries arrive, strengthening ties with the outside](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-21.jpg)
![Francis Xavier Jesuit missionary Brings Christianity to Japan 1549 17 th century Japanese Bible Francis Xavier Jesuit missionary Brings Christianity to Japan 1549 17 th century Japanese Bible](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-22.jpg)
![Tokugawa Ieyasu Grasps power after a decisive battle at Sekigahara on October 21, 1600. Tokugawa Ieyasu Grasps power after a decisive battle at Sekigahara on October 21, 1600.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-23.jpg)
![Capital city moves to Ieyasu’s domain of Kanto, capital city established at Edo (modern-day Capital city moves to Ieyasu’s domain of Kanto, capital city established at Edo (modern-day](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-24.jpg)
![参勤交代 sankin kotai alternate attendance system): policy that required daimyo to divide their time 参勤交代 sankin kotai alternate attendance system): policy that required daimyo to divide their time](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-25.jpg)
![Sankin kotai (alternate attendance system) 参勤交代 Sankin kotai (alternate attendance system) 参勤交代](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-26.jpg)
![Social Changes • Once Japan was stable, Tokugawa authorities pushed daimyo and samurai to Social Changes • Once Japan was stable, Tokugawa authorities pushed daimyo and samurai to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-27.jpg)
![• Merchants in Japan became increasingly wealthy and prominent. • Japanese cities flourished. • Merchants in Japan became increasingly wealthy and prominent. • Japanese cities flourished.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-28.jpg)
![New social roles for samurai during the great Tokugawa peace • Teachers • Poets, New social roles for samurai during the great Tokugawa peace • Teachers • Poets,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-29.jpg)
![The Samurai need something to do and the merchants need to stay out of The Samurai need something to do and the merchants need to stay out of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-30.jpg)
![• By the 1580’s about 150, 000 Japanese had converted to Christianity including • By the 1580’s about 150, 000 Japanese had converted to Christianity including](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-31.jpg)
![Anti-Christian Campaign • In 1612, shoguns began rigorous enforcement of decrees putting a halt Anti-Christian Campaign • In 1612, shoguns began rigorous enforcement of decrees putting a halt](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-32.jpg)
![• Shogun fears that Christian Control of Foreign Relations Europeans might cause serious • Shogun fears that Christian Control of Foreign Relations Europeans might cause serious](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-33.jpg)
![Control of Foreign Relations During the 1630’s, the shoguns: • forbade Japanese from going Control of Foreign Relations During the 1630’s, the shoguns: • forbade Japanese from going](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-34.jpg)
![“Dutch Island” Dutch merchants brought news of European and larger world affairs. “Dutch Island” Dutch merchants brought news of European and larger world affairs.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-35.jpg)
![Social and Economic Change • Economy actually improves! • Increased agricultural production • New Social and Economic Change • Economy actually improves! • Increased agricultural production • New](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-36.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-37.jpg)
- Slides: 37
![EDO JAPAN 1603 1868 The Tokugawa Shogunate EDO JAPAN: 1603 -1868 The Tokugawa Shogunate](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-1.jpg)
EDO JAPAN: 1603 -1868 The Tokugawa Shogunate
![The emperor reigned but did not always rule Feudal Society The emperor reigned, but did not always rule! Feudal Society](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-2.jpg)
The emperor reigned, but did not always rule! Feudal Society
![Feudalism A political economic and social system based on loyalty the holding of land Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-3.jpg)
Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Japan: Shogun Land - Shoen Protection Daimyo Samurai Peasant Loyalty Samurai Peasant Food Peasant
![Feudalism A political economic and social system based on loyalty the holding of land Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-4.jpg)
Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Europe: King Land - Fief Lord Land - Fief Protection Knight Peasant Loyalty Lord Knight Peasant Loyalty Knight Peasant Food Peasant
![Code of Chivalry Justice Loyalty Defense Courage Faith Code of Chivalry * Justice * Loyalty * Defense * Courage * Faith *](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-5.jpg)
Code of Chivalry * Justice * Loyalty * Defense * Courage * Faith * Humility * Nobility
![Code of Bushido Fidelity Politeness Virility Simplicity Code of Bushido * Fidelity * Politeness * Virility * Simplicity](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-6.jpg)
Code of Bushido * Fidelity * Politeness * Virility * Simplicity
![Medieval Warriors vs European knight Samurai Warrior Medieval Warriors vs. European knight Samurai Warrior](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-7.jpg)
Medieval Warriors vs. European knight Samurai Warrior
![Medieval Warriors vs Knights Armor Samurai Armor Medieval Warriors vs. Knight’s Armor Samurai Armor](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-8.jpg)
Medieval Warriors vs. Knight’s Armor Samurai Armor
![Zen Buddhism A variation of the Mahayana form of Buddhism Centered on Meditation It Zen Buddhism A variation of the Mahayana form of Buddhism, Centered on Meditation It](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-9.jpg)
Zen Buddhism A variation of the Mahayana form of Buddhism, Centered on Meditation It reinforced the Bushido values of mental and self-discipline.
![将軍 Shogun Literally military commander De Facto ruler of Japan 将軍 Shogun : • Literally, “military commander” • De Facto ruler of Japan •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-10.jpg)
将軍 Shogun : • Literally, “military commander” • De Facto ruler of Japan • Nominally appointed by emperor (emperor is more of a spiritual leader, like the Pope in Europe) Special rights: Controlled the Daimyo with favors and land grants
![大名 Daimyō powerful landholding elite Direct control of the land the peasants 大名 Daimyō: • powerful landholding elite • Direct control of the land the peasants](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-11.jpg)
大名 Daimyō: • powerful landholding elite • Direct control of the land the peasants that lived there
![侍 Samurai Literally one who serves 115 of the total population 侍 Samurai: • Literally, “one who serves” • 1/15 of the total population •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-12.jpg)
侍 Samurai: • Literally, “one who serves” • 1/15 of the total population • Bound by code of ethics known as bushido Special rights: dai-sho 大小two swords (large and small) kirisute-gomen 切捨て御免right to cut down offending commoners without rebuke seppuku 切腹 right to ritual suicide (self-evisceration)
![Farmers Peasants More than 80 of total population Taxed 40 50 Farmers & Peasants: • More than 80% of total population • Taxed 40 -50%](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-13.jpg)
Farmers & Peasants: • More than 80% of total population • Taxed 40 -50% of the crops they produced. • Forbidden access to all recreation and games other than local festivals. • Required to provide labor for public works upon demand (construction of roads, bridges, etc. )
![Townspeople and Merchants Lifestyles were strictly governed by laws dictating what they could Townspeople and Merchants: • Lifestyles were strictly governed by laws dictating what they could](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-14.jpg)
Townspeople and Merchants: • Lifestyles were strictly governed by laws dictating what they could wear, where they could live, size of home, etc. • At bottom of social hierarchy as in Buddhist China • Major commercial centers emerge. • • Osaka -- sake, soy sauce, cloth, paper, iron. Kyoto - textiles, pottery.
![C A S T L E S C A S T L E S](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-15.jpg)
C A S T L E S
![Osaka Castle Osaka Castle](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-16.jpg)
Osaka Castle
![Matsumoto Castle Matsumoto Castle](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-17.jpg)
Matsumoto Castle
![Himeji Castle Japan Himeji Castle Japan](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-18.jpg)
Himeji Castle Japan
![Caernorfon Castle Wales Caernorfon Castle, Wales](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-19.jpg)
Caernorfon Castle, Wales
![Warwick Castle England Warwick Castle, England](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-20.jpg)
Warwick Castle, England
![1453 Portuguese traders and Christian missionaries arrive strengthening ties with the outside • 1453 Portuguese traders and Christian missionaries arrive, strengthening ties with the outside](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-21.jpg)
• 1453 Portuguese traders and Christian missionaries arrive, strengthening ties with the outside world.
![Francis Xavier Jesuit missionary Brings Christianity to Japan 1549 17 th century Japanese Bible Francis Xavier Jesuit missionary Brings Christianity to Japan 1549 17 th century Japanese Bible](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-22.jpg)
Francis Xavier Jesuit missionary Brings Christianity to Japan 1549 17 th century Japanese Bible
![Tokugawa Ieyasu Grasps power after a decisive battle at Sekigahara on October 21 1600 Tokugawa Ieyasu Grasps power after a decisive battle at Sekigahara on October 21, 1600.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-23.jpg)
Tokugawa Ieyasu Grasps power after a decisive battle at Sekigahara on October 21, 1600. By 1603, Ieyasu is granted the title of shogun by the emperor and establishes the Tokugawa shogunate
![Capital city moves to Ieyasus domain of Kanto capital city established at Edo modernday Capital city moves to Ieyasu’s domain of Kanto, capital city established at Edo (modern-day](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-24.jpg)
Capital city moves to Ieyasu’s domain of Kanto, capital city established at Edo (modern-day Tokyo)
![参勤交代 sankin kotai alternate attendance system policy that required daimyo to divide their time 参勤交代 sankin kotai alternate attendance system): policy that required daimyo to divide their time](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-25.jpg)
参勤交代 sankin kotai alternate attendance system): policy that required daimyo to divide their time between the capital of their own domain and the shogun's capital city of Edo (Tokyo). Suppressed possibility of rebellion (wives, children of daimyo remain in Edo as hostages) Economic costs of travel on daimyo ensured lack of funds for rebel armies
![Sankin kotai alternate attendance system 参勤交代 Sankin kotai (alternate attendance system) 参勤交代](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-26.jpg)
Sankin kotai (alternate attendance system) 参勤交代
![Social Changes Once Japan was stable Tokugawa authorities pushed daimyo and samurai to Social Changes • Once Japan was stable, Tokugawa authorities pushed daimyo and samurai to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-27.jpg)
Social Changes • Once Japan was stable, Tokugawa authorities pushed daimyo and samurai to become bureaucrats and government officials. • As they lost their place in society, many of the ruling elite (whose income came from collecting rice from peasants), fell into poverty
![Merchants in Japan became increasingly wealthy and prominent Japanese cities flourished • Merchants in Japan became increasingly wealthy and prominent. • Japanese cities flourished.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-28.jpg)
• Merchants in Japan became increasingly wealthy and prominent. • Japanese cities flourished. • Rice dealers, pawnbrokers and merchants soon controlled more wealth than the ruling elites.
![New social roles for samurai during the great Tokugawa peace Teachers Poets New social roles for samurai during the great Tokugawa peace • Teachers • Poets,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-29.jpg)
New social roles for samurai during the great Tokugawa peace • Teachers • Poets, scholars, writers • Buddhist monks • Government posts -- civil administration
![The Samurai need something to do and the merchants need to stay out of The Samurai need something to do and the merchants need to stay out of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-30.jpg)
The Samurai need something to do and the merchants need to stay out of politics… The Three Entertainments • kabuki • sumo • Yoshiwara pleasure districts
![By the 1580s about 150 000 Japanese had converted to Christianity including • By the 1580’s about 150, 000 Japanese had converted to Christianity including](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-31.jpg)
• By the 1580’s about 150, 000 Japanese had converted to Christianity including several powerful daimyo • Tokugawa shoguns restricted European access to Japan for fear Christianity might allow for alliances between daimyo and Europeans. • Resentment by Buddhist monks grows
![AntiChristian Campaign In 1612 shoguns began rigorous enforcement of decrees putting a halt Anti-Christian Campaign • In 1612, shoguns began rigorous enforcement of decrees putting a halt](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-32.jpg)
Anti-Christian Campaign • In 1612, shoguns began rigorous enforcement of decrees putting a halt to Christian missions. • They tortured and executed European missionaries who refused to leave as well as Japanese Christians who refused to abandon their faith. • They often executed victims by crucifixion or burning at the stake.
![Shogun fears that Christian Control of Foreign Relations Europeans might cause serious • Shogun fears that Christian Control of Foreign Relations Europeans might cause serious](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-33.jpg)
• Shogun fears that Christian Control of Foreign Relations Europeans might cause serious problems by making alliances with Christian daimyo and supplying them with weapons.
![Control of Foreign Relations During the 1630s the shoguns forbade Japanese from going Control of Foreign Relations During the 1630’s, the shoguns: • forbade Japanese from going](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-34.jpg)
Control of Foreign Relations During the 1630’s, the shoguns: • forbade Japanese from going abroad, • prohibited the construction of large ships, • expelled Europeans from Japan, • prohibited foreign merchants from trading in Japanese ports, • controlled trade with Asian lands, • permitted only small numbers of Chinese and Dutch merchants to trade in Nagasaki ONLY
![Dutch Island Dutch merchants brought news of European and larger world affairs “Dutch Island” Dutch merchants brought news of European and larger world affairs.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-35.jpg)
“Dutch Island” Dutch merchants brought news of European and larger world affairs.
![Social and Economic Change Economy actually improves Increased agricultural production New Social and Economic Change • Economy actually improves! • Increased agricultural production • New](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-36.jpg)
Social and Economic Change • Economy actually improves! • Increased agricultural production • New methods of water control and irrigation • Use of fertilizer increased rice yields • Production of cotton, silk, indigo, and sake increased. • Move from subsistence farming to market production.
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0b5ec0b3562304e966bf9ddf98fa10d3/image-37.jpg)
Tokogawa shogunate
1868-1603
Tokugawa japan ap world history
Meiji restoration
Alfred du bois
R v allen (1872) lr 1 ccr 367
Hayward earthquake 1868
Calamba cradle of a genius
Adler v george 1964
Tokugawa social hierarchy
The tokugawa shoguns created an orderly society by
Emperor shogun daimyo samurai peasants
Japanese feudal system
1603 anglie
Apothecary elizabethan era
1603-1485
Velk�� brit��nie pr��ce
Kaspersky 1603
Error 1603 kaspersky
What happened in 1603 shakespeare
1603 anglie
Historical background of elizabethan age
1603 in inglese
1558 1603
Equação diferencial
Edo liberty
Edo
Caso especial
Edo
Edo period technology
O que é uma locução verbal
Javier edo meseguer
Edo psych
Edo
Equação diferencial linear
Edo ergo sum
Edo ergo sum
Il diario di edo