Structure of the Respiratory system Respiratory system works

Structure of the Respiratory system

Respiratory system works with the Cardiovascular system… Respiratory System: • Intakes oxygen • Releases carbon dioxide waste Circulatory system: • Transports gases in blood between lungs and cells

Structure of the RESPIRATORY system (RS)

The Importance of respiratory system • Cells need O 2 for work • CO 2 is produced as a waste product • Accumulation of excess CO 2 is toxic to cells and MUST be removed through the respiratory system

• Nasal cavity Respiratory Structures and their Functions – Space above and behind the nose – Made of cartilage and bone – Divided into 2 by a cartilaginous septum – Hairs within the nostrils filter out dust etc before air passes into two nasal cavities. – Designed to warm, moisten, and filter air before it passes to the nasopharynx • Pharynx – (throat) – A mucous layer – Funnel shaped muscular rube – Connects to larynx and esophagus and eustachian tubes – conducts food and air – exchanges air with Eustachian tube to equalize pressure

Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained • Larynx – (voice box) – Connects the pharynx and the trachea. – Made of cartilage and muscle – contains vocal cords – Helps us to speak • Epiglottis ― flap of cartilage that covers trachea ― ensures food travels down the esophagus

Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained • Trachea – (windpipe) – Tubular passageway (12 cm long 2 cm diameter) to carry air towards the lungs – C-shaped cartilage rings to keep it open – Divides at end into : right and left Bronchi larynx trachea bronchioles

Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained • Bronchi: – Pair of tubes that branch from trachea and enter lungs – Have cartilage plates to keep them open – Lining is ciliated & secretes mucus • Each bronchus divides into: – – Lobar bronchi Segmental bronchi 23 branches in total Tree of bronchioles

Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained • Bronchioles – – tiny tubes extend from the bronchi – lacking cartilage and cilia – possess smooth muscle bronchiole smooth muscle – They about 1 mm diameter – Terminate in clusters of alveoli

Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained Lungs – Two cone shaped organs suspended in the pleural cavities – Surrounded by a pleural membrane – Made of elastic tissue – Divide into lobes – Right is larger as left has to accommodate the heart • This space is known as the cardiac notch

Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained • Lungs - lobes –Left lung is divided into lobes. –Right lung has three lobes

• Visceral Pleura – Is the innermost of the two pleural membranes. It covers the surface of the lung • Pleural membrane – The lungs are surrounded by membranes known as pleura – These contain a cavity with fluid that lubricates the surfaces as the lungs expand contract. – Their main job is to prevent friction and keep the lungs airtight, • Pleural Fluid – The pleural membrane produces pleural fluid, which fills the space between the visceral and parietal pleura. This lubricating fluid allows the lungs to glide over one another

• Thoracic Cavity – the chamber of the chest that is protected by the thoracic wall. – separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm

Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained Alveoli • Around the bronchioles are 600 million alveoli in each lung. • Each one is in contact with a capillary • This is where exchange of O 2 and CO 2 takes place.

Alveoli • Cup shaped structures that resemble bunches of grapes • covered with SURFACTANT that keep them from collapsing • Provide a large surface area for gas exchange

Respirator y Muscles 1 -Intercostal muscles – External intercostals – Internal intercostals – Attachment is on the ribs 2 -Diaphragm – Dome shaped muscle at the bottom of the ribcage – Breathing in - Contracts – flattens, making chest cavity larger and creating a negative intrapleural pressure to draw air in.

Anatomy of the Respiratory system • Mouth & Nose. Passes through the Pharynx (back of throat). Passes through the Larynx (responsible for your voice production). • Air passes over the • • Air enters through the • Epiglottis (stops food going down our windpipe/trachea). Air enters the Trachea, membranous tube that delivers air to the lungs. • Trachea divides into 2 • 2 main Bronchi divide into 8 million bronchioles in each lung. • Around the Bronchioles you will find groups of air sacs called (600 million in each lung). Alveoli are the catalyst for gas exchange (O 2 and CO 2), as they are in contact with the capillaries. • Bronchi, one into each lung. Bronchioles, which further subdivide 23 times into Alveoli