Respiratory System Respiratory System Organization Upper respiratory tract

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Respiratory System

Respiratory System

Respiratory System • Organization: • Upper respiratory tract • lower respiratory tract • Function:

Respiratory System • Organization: • Upper respiratory tract • lower respiratory tract • Function: • Conducting: transports air • Respiratory: exchanges gas

Respiratory System Functions • • • Gas exchange Gas conditioning (warming, humidifying and cleaning)

Respiratory System Functions • • • Gas exchange Gas conditioning (warming, humidifying and cleaning) Sound production Olfaction Defense

Upper Respiratory Tract Composed of • nose • nasal cavity • paranasal sinuses •

Upper Respiratory Tract Composed of • nose • nasal cavity • paranasal sinuses • pharynx (throat)

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Lower Respiratory Tract • Conducting airways – – – Nose, nasal cavity Pharynx larynx

Lower Respiratory Tract • Conducting airways – – – Nose, nasal cavity Pharynx larynx trachea, bronchioles • Respiratory portion – respiratory bronchioles, – alveolar ducts, – alveoli

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Gross Anatomy of the Lungs • Each lung has a conical shape. • Its

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs • Each lung has a conical shape. • Its wide, concave base rests upon the muscular diaphragm. • Its relatively blunt superior region, called the apex or (cupola), projects superiorly to a point that is slightly superior and posterior to the clavicle. • Both lungs are bordered by the thoracic wall anteriorly, laterally, and posteriorly, and supported by the rib cage. • Toward the midline, the lungs are separated from each other by the mediastinum.

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Pleura and negative pressure Pneumothorax

Pleura and negative pressure Pneumothorax

Hemo-thorax

Hemo-thorax

Regulation of breathing • Lower centers spinal cord (phrenic nerve nuclei and anterior horn

Regulation of breathing • Lower centers spinal cord (phrenic nerve nuclei and anterior horn cells to intercostal muscles) • Upper centers – medulla – pons

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