Roman Republic Significant Events Vocabulary Roman Empire Greek
Roman Republic Significant Events Vocabulary Roman Empire Greek Mixed BAG 1 pt 1 pt 2 pt 2 pt 3 pt 3 pt 4 pt 4 pt 5 pt 5 pt
According to legend Rome was founded in 783 BC by twins (of the God Mars and a Latin princess) who were named this? ? ? In reality Rome was built by men who chose the spot for these 2 reasons?
Romulus & Remus & Strategic location and fertile soil
Who were the original inhabitants of the region that would become Rome – 3 groups from 1000 -500 BC
Latins, Greeks and Etruscans (Latins – built 1 st city of Rome Greeks- brought Italy in clse contact w/ Greek Civilization Etruscans- native to N. Italywritten language, engineering, etc
Describe the roles of the plebeians and patricians in the early Roman republic & What significance did the Tribunes play in said Republic?
Plebeians- common farmers, merchants majority of pop. & Patricians- wealthy landowners who held most gov’t positions Tribunes – protect plebeians from unfair acts of patrician officials
What are the Twelve Tables and what is their significance in the Roman Republic? Which historic U. S. political document does it associate itself with?
Written Roman law code hung in Roman Forum (why? ) Basis for the US Constitution
What was the name given to the series of battles fought from 264 BC -146 BC by Rome to gain dominance over the Western Mediterranean? Who were these battles fought against and who was this foes famed military general?
Punic Wars Carthage -- Hannibal
As Rome expanded its territory and gained new wealth $$$ after its war in the Mediterranean, What NEW problems did they face which would eventually bring down the efficiency of their Republic?
Discontent among lower classes (gap between rich-poor widens) Breakdown in military order
Identify Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus Who were they and what role did they play in the “shakeup” of the Roman Republic
Tribunes Both met violent deaths that resulted in Roman civil war
Who made up Rome’s first triumverate?
Julius Caesar Crassus Pompey
As absolute ruler of Rome or “dictator for life”…what were some of Caesar’s early reforms? …and the reasons why the masses adored him…
-granted citizenship to people in the provinces -Expanded the senate (friends and outsiders) -Created jobs (new buildings) -Raise pay for soldiers
Who “took” the power of Rome over after The death of Caesar on March 15, 44 BC and how did he “take” this power
Octavian Caesar After the collapse of the 2 nd triumverate (Octavian, Marc Antony, Lepidus) Octavian was victorious in war(civil war) against Antony and Cleopatra = Augustus “exalted one”
To what does the term PAX Romana refer and give an example of what made this period enduring and significant
Roman Peace -Sound gov’t (stable- civil service) -Common currency denarius = efficient trade Vast trade network (roads &sea) = $$$
The important Roman virtue of Gravitas emphasized these characteristics
Discipline, strength & loyalty “Strength more than beauty, power more than grace, usefulness more than elegance”
How were religion and government linked in the Roman empire & How did Roman Gov’t distract and control the masses who were unemployed and lacking necessities of life
Deities were symbols of the state Gov’t sponsored religious festivals Worship of the emperor & Free rations of food, mock battles, Gladiator contests Bread & Circuses
How was Jesus of Nazareth connected to the Roman Empire? Why was his message so captivating to “the people” but so detrimental to Jewish and Roman ways?
Judea (Jerusalem) was conquered by Rome in 6 AD & Masses claimed him to the be the Messiah Chief priests of Jews = blasphemy) Romans = defying the authority of Rome Leads to crucifixion
Who is responsible for creating the religion of Christianity based on the messages of Jesus of Nazareth This one individual, in particular, had an enormous effect on the development of Christianity after his conversion on the road to Damascus
Jesus’ followers Disciples/Apostles & Paul
Why did the Pax Romana allow for an efficient , widespread development of Christianity
• Road system allows easy/safe travel • Common languages • Exchange of ideas flourish on established trade routes
AS Pax Romana crumbled, Christians are crucified, killed by animals in arenas, burned, etc. for their beliefs and their refusal of Roman deities. This treatment of a group is referred to as this
Persecution Contributes to martyrdom and an eventual acceptance of religion/people
In 312 AD a critical moment occurs for in the rise of Christianity when this individual was fighting rivals for the control of Rome at the Battle at Milvian Bridge After this victory, this epic “decree” ends the persecution of Christians and declares Christianity accepted in the Empire
Constantine Edict of Milan
In an attempt to end conflict within the interpretation of the Christian religion, this “compilation” (text) was the attempt to create a single, official standard of belief within Christianity
The New Testament
Name the two “reforms” made by Diocletian and Constantine that were deemed attempts to resurrect the empire
Diocletian – Split empire in 2 parts Constantine= Moved capital to Byzantium (Constantinople)
State a social , political , militaristic and economic cause of the fall of Rome
Political – political office = burden civil war/unrest – division of emp. Social – disloyalty/ lack of patriotism decline in population (disease/no food) Military –Threat north tribes (Germ. Invasions) probs recruiting soldiers (us of mercenaries) Economic – disruption of trade – no war plunder—INFLATION – Taxes – rich =richer
This powerful chieftain from this north Asian nomadic tribe was indirectly responsible for the invasion of Rome by these Germanic tribes
Attila the Huns Burgundians, Franks, Vandals Ostragoths, Visigoths, Saxons
Last of the Roman Emperors As the western Roman empire disappeared the Eastern side continued the legacy of this hybrid culture under this name
Romulus Augustulus Byzantine empire – Greco Roman Culture
Why did this language of the Romans have a enduring legacy after the fall of Rome
Latin & +Remained language of learning in west & in Roman Cath. Church +Creation of Romance Languages – Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Romanian & also English has basis in Latin
What pieces of Roman Law System are still relevant today ? What is meant by quote “ Rome never fell, it turned into something greater…. an idea …and achieved immortality”
• All have equal treatment under Law • Innocent until proven guilty • Burden of proof lies w/ accuser • Person punished for actions not thoughts • Laws that seem unfair are set aside • Judges & attorneys
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