Printmaking Printmaking is the process of making artworks

Printmaking

• Printmaking is the process of making artworks by printing, normally on paper. • The process is capable of producing multiple copies of the same image, which is called a print. • Each copy is known as an impression. Each print is considered an original work of art, not a copy. • Works printed from a single plate create an edition, in modern times usually each signed and numbered to form a limited edition.

• Chinese artist were printing with carved wooden blocks over one thousand years ago. • The process was first used to repeat designs on textiles.

• Later it was applied to paper. one of the earliest forms of block printing was in the manufacture of paper money.

• Printmaking did not develop in Europe until the 15 th century, in time to meet the growing demands for inexpensive religious pictures and playing cards. • Later it was used to provide illustrations for books produced with moveable type.

• This printing process, invented by a German printer named Johannes Gutenberg, he made it possible to print different pages of a book by using the same metal type over and over again. • Eventually artist began to recognize the value of printmaking applied to the production of fine art.

• This led to a variety of printmaking processes ranging from those that are relatively simple to others that are more complicated. • The four basic printmaking methods are – relief, – Intaglio (etching) – lithography – screen printing. http: //www. moma. org/exhibitions/2001/whatisaprint/flash. html

• Printing with carved wooden blocks originated in China and spread to Japan where, in the seventeenth century, it became a highly developed art form. • At first, oriental prints consisted of inked outlines that were later filled in with colored by Katsushika Hokusai The Kirifuri hand. Waterfall at Mt. Kurokami, Shimozuke Province.

Intaglio A printing process that is exactly the reverse of relief printing is intaglio. The name comes from the Italian word meaning “to cut into”

• Intaglio is a process in which ink is forced to fill lines cut into a metal surface. • The lines of a design are created by one of two methods: etching or engraving. Edward Hopper, Night Shadows, 1921, etching.

– The remaining ground is then removed, the plate inked, the unetched surface is cleaned, and damp paper is pressed onto the plate with a press. – This forces the paper into the inked grooves, transferring the image. Albrecht Durer, St. Eustace 1501, engraving.

Lithography • There is a printing process based on the principle that grease and water do not mix.

• Among the many artist attracted to the direct drawing method of lithography was the Mexican painter, Jose’ Clemente Orozco. • He used this printing method to create the powerful image of a monk attending a starving Indian. Jose’ Orozco, The Franciscan and the Indian, 1926, Lithograph

Screen Printing • Screen Printing is a more recent printmaking process. – Paint is forced through a screen onto paper or fabric.

A screen print that have been handmade by an artist is called a serigraph. Edward Ruscha, Standard Station, 1966, serigraph

Assignment • You are to draw a picture in your sketchbook about cultural /heritage or self-portrait. • The section must be able to fill up a 4*6 area. • On your sketch you need to plan your color scheme using a minimum of 3 colors. White does not count as a color. • If you use words the words must be written as a mirror image. • Once I o. k. your drawing you will draw your image onto the soft block linoleum.

• Then draw your image on the back of the linoleum. • Once you have redrawn your picture you will then be ready to start to carve. • I will demonstrate to you how to carve your linoleum. • Please be extra careful. • Tools are very sharp and have been known to cut students. • If any one miss-uses the tools I will take them away from the whole class.

• Make sure your name is on your linoleum. • Before you start to cut, plan out what you will be cutting out. – You will cut light to dark. • White • Yellow • Decide what you are going to do with your print.