Predictive Mechanical model for hydraulic fracture stimulation in

Predictive Mechanical model for hydraulic fracture stimulation in Acoculco geothermal reservoir system Baptiste Lepillier, Alex Daniilidis, Anita Torabi, David Bruhn, Eivind Bastesen, Francesco Parisio, Hannes Hofmann, Juliane Kummerow, Keita Yoshioka, Nima Doonechaly Gholizadeh, Oscar García, Pierre-Olivier Bruna, Richard Bakker, Walter Wheeler, and the GEMex consortium This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 727550 and the Mexican Energy Sustainability Fund CONACYT-SENER, project 2015 -04 -68074. www. gemex-h 2020. eu

RESEARCH QUESTION How to build a Predictive mechanical model for fracture stimulation? WORK FLOW Field work Measurements Rock Samples 1 Fracture characterization 3 Laboratory experiments 2 DFN computation 4 Numerical Simulations • Fracture stimulation • Fracture interaction Result Flow Simulation Predictive Mechanical model for HF stimutation, Acoculco B. Lepillier et al.

FRACTURE CHARACTERIZATION Field work 1 Field Work – (Scanline survey for data collection) Fracture 1 characterization DFN 2 computation 4 Numerical Simulations • • 2 Ska. Py (Data processing) + Multiple Point Statistics (MPS) Discrete Fracture Networks (DFN) 600 m Laboratory experiments 3 Fracture stimulation Fracture interaction Fluid flow Simulations 600 m (lepillier et al. 2020, Journal of Structural Geology) Predictive Mechanical model for HF stimutation, Acoculco B. Lepillier et al.

LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS Field work A Porosity & Permeability tests Fracture 1 characterization DFN 2 computation B Brazilian disk & Chevron Bend tests Laboratory experiments 3 Brazilian disk Average Chevron Bend 4 Numerical Simulations • • C Unconfined Compressive Strength tests Fracture stimulation Fracture interaction Fluid flow Simulations Predictive Mechanical model for HF stimutation, Acoculco B. Lepillier et al.

LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS Field work D Hydraulic Fracturing with the Hoek cell test Axial Stress - (Sv) = 20 MPa Fracture 1 characterization DFN 2 computation Laboratory experiments 3 Hoek cell Horizontal Stress (Sh) = 10 MPa Hydraulic pressure (Pf) 4 Numerical Simulations • • Fracture stimulation Fracture interaction Fluid flow Simulations Predictive Mechanical model for HF stimutation, Acoculco B. Lepillier et al.

HYDRAULIC FRACTURE STIMULATIONS MFrac. TM (Baker Hughes) Injection style Fracture 4 Numerical Simulations • • Fracture stimulation Fracture interaction Map view Stepwise stimulations Laboratory experiments 3 Fluid flow Simulations Predictive Mechanical model for HF stimutation, Acoculco B. Lepillier et al. Section view DFN 2 computation 1 stimulation 1 characterization Results Section view Input data Map view Field work

HYDRAULIC FRACTURE STIMULATIONS MFrac. TM (Baker Hughes) Field work Fracture What volume of fluid is needed to stimulate a fracture until 500 m away from the wellbore? 1 characterization Total inj. Vol. = 500 m 3 Total inj. Vol. = 1000 m 3 Total inj. Vol. = 2500 m 3 DFN 2 computation 1500 1000 -500 -1000 -1500 Laboratory experiments 3 4 Numerical Simulations • • Fracture stimulation Fracture interaction Fluid flow Simulations l = 410 m l = 495 m l = 501 m h = 700 m h = 975 m h = 1215 m w = 0. 13 cm w = 0. 15 cm w = 0. 26 cm Predictive Mechanical model for HF stimutation, Acoculco B. Lepillier et al.

HYDRAULIC FRACTURE INTERACTIONS Open. Geo. Sys Multi. Physics - (Phase field) Field work Ω : A domain of perfectly brittle linear elastic Γ : A domain of material fractures Fracture 1 characterization Material Heterogeneities Limestone Marble DFN 2 computation Skarn Laboratory experiments 3 Simulation using OGS t=0 t=1 t=2 t=3 t=4 4 Numerical Simulations • • Fracture stimulation Fracture interaction Fluid flow Simulations (lepillier et al. 2020, Stanford Geothermal Workshop proceedings) Predictive Mechanical model for HF stimutation, Acoculco B. Lepillier et al.

HYDRAULIC FRACTURE INTERACTIONS Open. Geo. Sys Multi. Physics - (Phase field) Field work Fracture 1 characterization [ Time Step ] Marble: fracture model no 1 Marble: fracture model no 2 DFN 2 computation Laboratory experiments 3 4 Numerical Simulations • • Fracture stimulation Fracture interaction 100 m Fluid flow Simulations (lepillier et al. 2020, Stanford Geothermal Workshop proceedings) Predictive Mechanical model for HF stimutation, Acoculco B. Lepillier et al.

HYDRAULIC FRACTURE INTERACTIONS Open. Geo. Sys Multi. Physics - (Phase field) Field work Fracture 1 characterization [ Time Step ] Marble: fracture model no 1 Marble: fracture model no 2 DFN 2 computation Laboratory experiments 3 4 Numerical Simulations • • Fracture stimulation Fracture interaction 100 m Fluid flow Simulations (lepillier et al. 2020, Stanford Geothermal Workshop proceedings) Predictive Mechanical model for HF stimutation, Acoculco B. Lepillier et al.

HYDRAULIC FRACTURE INTERACTIONS Open. Geo. Sys Multi. Physics - (Phase field) Field work Fracture 1 characterization [ Time Step ] Marble: fracture model no 1 Marble: fracture model no 2 DFN 2 computation Laboratory experiments 3 4 Numerical Simulations • • Fracture stimulation Fracture interaction 100 m Fluid flow Simulations (lepillier et al. 2020, Stanford Geothermal Workshop proceedings) Predictive Mechanical model for HF stimutation, Acoculco B. Lepillier et al.

HYDRAULIC FRACTURE INTERACTIONS Open. Geo. Sys Multi. Physics - (Phase field) Field work Fracture 1 characterization [ Time Step ] Marble: fracture model no 1 Marble: fracture model no 2 DFN 2 computation Laboratory experiments 3 4 Numerical Simulations • • Fracture stimulation Fracture interaction 100 m Fluid flow Simulations (lepillier et al. 2020, Stanford Geothermal Workshop proceedings) Predictive Mechanical model for HF stimutation, Acoculco B. Lepillier et al.

HYDRAULIC FRACTURE INTERACTIONS Open. Geo. Sys Multi. Physics - (Phase field) Field work Fracture 1 characterization [ Time Step ] Marble: fracture model no 1 Marble: fracture model no 2 DFN 2 computation Laboratory experiments 3 4 Numerical Simulations • • Fracture stimulation Fracture interaction 100 m Fluid flow Simulations (lepillier et al. 2020, Stanford Geothermal Workshop proceedings) Predictive Mechanical model for HF stimutation, Acoculco B. Lepillier et al.

HYDRAULIC FRACTURE INTERACTIONS Open. Geo. Sys Multi. Physics - (Phase field) Field work Fracture 1 characterization [ Time Step ] Marble: fracture model no 1 Marble: fracture model no 2 DFN 2 computation Laboratory experiments 3 4 Numerical Simulations • • Fracture stimulation Fracture interaction 100 m Fluid flow Simulations (lepillier et al. 2020, Stanford Geothermal Workshop proceedings) Predictive Mechanical model for HF stimutation, Acoculco B. Lepillier et al.

HYDRAULIC FRACTURE INTERACTIONS Open. Geo. Sys Multi. Physics - (Phase field) Field work Fracture 1 characterization [ Time Step ] Marble: fracture model no 1 Marble: fracture model no 2 DFN 2 computation Laboratory experiments 3 4 Numerical Simulations • • Fracture stimulation Fracture interaction 100 m Fluid flow Simulations (lepillier et al. 2020, Stanford Geothermal Workshop proceedings) Predictive Mechanical model for HF stimutation, Acoculco B. Lepillier et al.

HYDRAULIC FRACTURE INTERACTIONS Open. Geo. Sys Multi. Physics - (Phase field) Field work Fracture 1 characterization [ Time Step ] Marble: fracture model no 1 Marble: fracture model no 2 DFN 2 computation Laboratory experiments 3 4 Numerical Simulations • • Fracture stimulation Fracture interaction 100 m Fluid flow Simulations (lepillier et al. 2020, Stanford Geothermal Workshop proceedings) Predictive Mechanical model for HF stimutation, Acoculco B. Lepillier et al.

RESULTS 1: FLUID FLOW SIMULATIONS COMSOL Multiphysics Field work Fracture 1 characterization DFN 2 computation Laboratory experiments 3 4 Numerical Simulations • • Fracture stimulation Fracture interaction (lepillier et al. 2019, Geothermal Energy Journal) Fluid flow Simulations Predictive Mechanical model for HF stimutation, Acoculco B. Lepillier et al.

RESULTS 1: FLUID FLOW SIMULATIONS COMSOL Multiphysics Field work A Wells positioning for multiple B Multiple scenarios, Pressure & Temperature plots production scenarios Fracture 1 characterization DFN 2 computation Laboratory experiments 3 C Map view of heat transfer through fractured medium 4 Numerical Simulations • • Fracture stimulation Fracture interaction Fluid flow Simulations (lepillier et al. 2019, Geothermal Energy Journal) Predictive Mechanical model for HF stimutation, Acoculco B. Lepillier et al.

RESULTS 2: RESERVOIR ENHANCEMENT COMSOL Multiphysics DFN 2 computation Laboratory experiments 3 B Map view of the effective enhancement Before treatment Fracture 1 characterization A EGS initial conditions After treatment Field work B Temperature and Pressure plots of the effective enhancement Differential pressure Temperature 4 Numerical Simulations • • Fracture stimulation Fracture interaction Fluid flow Simulations (lepillier et al. 2020, Stanford Geothermal Workshop Proceedings) Predictive Mechanical model for HF stimutation, Acoculco B. Lepillier et al.

CONCLUSION Field work THE WORKFLOW Fracture 1 characterization This workflow constrains well the uncertainties Working with 3 D simulations would reduce uncertainties significantly DFN 2 computation THE RESULTS According to this study, Marble would be the best target to stimulate - Existing fractures are longer and better connected Laboratory experiments 3 - Mechanically easier to stimulate fracture - Temperature is high enough (min 225 o. C) Natural fractures might influence the Hydraulic fracture propagation pathway Phasefield can predict these scenarios 4 Numerical Simulations • • Fracture stimulation Fracture interaction WAY FORWARD Hope for the well to be stimulated in the future… Fluid flow Simulations Predictive Mechanical model for HF stimutation, Acoculco B. Lepillier et al.

Acknowledgements We acknowledge the Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE) for kindly providing support and advice and for granting access to their geothermal fields. Data has been kindly provided by CFE. [To be adapted to your needs]. We also acknowledge our Mexican colleagues for their help an collaboration [To be adapted to your needs]. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 727550 and the Mexican Energy Sustainability Fund CONACYT-SENER, project 2015 -04 -68074 The content of this presentation reflects only the authors’ view. The Innovation and Networks Executive Agency (INEA) is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. Predictive Mechanical model for HF stimutation, Acoculco B. Lepillier et al.