Part 1 Introduction to Polymer Science 4 th

Part 1. Introduction to Polymer Science 4 th edition L. H. Sperling ISBN 0 -471 -70606 -X Midterm + Final 50 % Quizzes 50 %

1. Introduction to Polymer Science 2. Chain Structure and Configuration 3. Dilute Solution 4. Concentrated Solution 5. The amorphous state 6. The crystalline state 7. Polymers in the liquid crystalline state 8. Glass-Rubber Transition Behavior 9. Cross-linked Polymers and Rubber Elasticty 10. Polymer Viscoelasticity and Rheology 11. Mechanical Behavior of Polymers 12. Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces 13. Muticomponent Polymeric Materials 14. Modern Polymer Topics

Part 2. Polymer Crystallography Crystallization Mechanism Diffraction (WAXS/SAXS)

Chapter 1. Introduction to Polymer Science

Polymer comes from life

From Caouchouc (“weeping tree”) to vulcanized rubber

Vulcanization of natural rubber Charles Goodyear (1800 -1860)

Macromolecular Hypothesis HERMANN STAUDINGER (18811965) 1953 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry. Background Residence: Germany

1. 1 From little molecules to big molecules

Alkane/Polyethylene Monomer oligomer polymer

Molecular weight-melting temperature relationship for the alkane series Tm of PE

Comparison of wax and polyethylene structure and morphology

Entanglement of polymer chains Low molecular weight No entanglement High molecular weight Chains are entangled

1. 2 Molecular weight and molecular weight distributions 1. 2. 1 Effect on tensile strength sb is tenile stress to break Mn is the number-average molecular weight A and B are constants

1. 2. 2 Molecular weight average Number average molecular weight Weight average molecular weight Mw/Mn: polydispersity index

1. 3 Major polymer transition 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Glassy glassy transition rubbery plateau Rubbery flow Viscous flow

1. 4 Polymer synthesis and structure 1. 4. 1 Chain polymerization 1. 4. 1. 1 Free Radical polymerization Initiation Propagation termination 1. 4. 1. 2 initiation

1. 4. 1. 3 propagation 1. 4 termination

1. 4. 2 Step polymerization 1. 4. 2. 1 A polyester condensation reaction

Nylon 48

1. 4. 2. 2 Stepwise nomenclature and structures

1. 5 Cross-linking, plasticizers, and fillers The cross-linking of rubber with sulfur is called “vulcanization”

1. 7 Historical development of industrial polymers

PE PP PB PI PS PAN

PVA PVC PVAC

Teflon PMMA

POM PPO Nylon 66 PEO PET Nylon 6