MOLEKULSKA SPEKTROSKOPIJA PREDMET IZUAVANJA I VANIJE PRIMENE This

MOLEKULSKA SPEKTROSKOPIJA PREDMET IZUČAVANJA I VAŽNIJE PRIMENE ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

MOLEKULSKA SPEKTROSKOPIJA • Molekul je skup atoma stalnog sastava povezanih međusobno kovalentnim vezama tako da ostaju kao celina i pri raznim faznim promenama, kao što su topljenje, isparavanje. ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

MOLEKULSKA SPEKTROSKOPIJA • Stanje molekula najniže energije je njegovo osnovno stanje, dok su stanja viših energija - pobuđena stanja. • Pod određenim uslovima molekul može da pređe iz osnovnog u pobuđeno stanje i obrnuto. ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

MOLEKULSKA SPEKTROSKOPIJA • Molekulska spektroskopija proučava promene energetskih stanja molekula koje nastaju pri njihovoj interakciji sa elektromagnetnim zračenjem usled pojave apsorpcije, emisije ili rasejanja. ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Vrste kretanja u molekulima ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Vrste kretanja u molekulima • Translacija • Rotacija • Vibracija ili oscilacija ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Vrste kretanja u molekulima • The energy of molecular vibration is quantized rather than continuous, meaning that a molecule can only stretch and bend at certain 'allowed' frequencies. If a molecule is exposed to electromagnetic radiation that matches the frequency of one of its vibrational modes, it will in most cases absorb energy from the radiation and jump to a higher vibrational energy state - what this means is that the amplitude of the vibration will increase, but the vibrational frequency will remain the same. ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

2 -heksanon ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Vibraciona kretanja • With an instrument called an infrared spectrophotometer, we can 'see' this vibrational transition. ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Ukupna energija molekula • Vibraciju i rotaciju nazivamo unutrašnjim kretanjima. Njihove energije doprinose ukupnoj energiji molekula, Euk, koja se približno može prikazati kao zbir elektronske energije Eel, vibracione Evib i rotacione, Erot: ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Energija molekula • elektronska energija –najveći doprinos ukupnoj energiji daje i ima red veličine nekoliko elektronvolti (e. V). • vibraciona energija – znatno manji doprinos daje čija je vrednost reda 1/10 – 1/100 e. V, a rotaciona energija - reda 1/1000 – 1/10000 e. V. ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Nastajanje molekulskih spektara • ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Nastajanje molekulskih spektara • Mogu nastati na tri načina: • - emisijom, • - apsorpcijom • - ramanskim rasejanjem. ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Vrste molekulskih spektara • • Rotacioni Vibracioni Elektronsko-vibraciono rotacioni Spektri ESR i NMR Ramanski • Spektri fotoluminiscencije (fluorescencije i fosforescencije) ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Fotoluminiscencija ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Fluorescentni spektri ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Fosforescentni spektri • An europium doped strontium silicatealuminum oxide powder under (a) natural light, (b) a long-wave UV lamp, and (c) in total darkness. The photo taken in total darkness shows the phosphorescent emission. Source: modified from Splarka (commons. wi kipedia. org). ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Apsorpcija i emisija zračenja • Apsorpcija • Stimulisana emisija • Indukovana emisija ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Photoluminescentni spektri • • Emission following the absorption of a photon is also called photoluminescence, and that following a chemical reaction is called chemiluminescence. A typical emission spectrum • coumarin ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Author, Editor and Referee References This remote access laboratory was created thanks to work done primarily at University of Niš. Contributors to this material were: _Emilija Pecev-Marinkovic________ Refereeing of this material was done by: ___________ Editing into NETCHEM Format and onto NETCHEM platform was completed by: __________________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, ___________________________________________________ andhas the been Commission be held responsible for any use which may made of the information contained This project funded cannot with support from the European Commission. Thisbe publication reflects the views only of therein. the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

References and Supplemental Material The NETCHEM platform was established at the University of Nis in 2016 -2019 through the Erasmus Programme. Please contact a NETCHEM representatives at your institution or visit our website for an expanded contact list. The work included had been led by the NETCHEM staff at your institution. ___________________________________________________ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, ___________________________________________________ andhas the been Commission be held responsible for any use which may made of the information contained This project funded cannot with support from the European Commission. Thisbe publication reflects the views only of therein. the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.