Matter Lesson 1 Introduction of Matter Matter anything

Matter

Lesson 1 (Introduction of Matter) • Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space (Your body is matter) • Mass – describes the amount of matter in an object • Weight – is a measure of the gravitational force on an object • Volume - the amount of space that an object takes up, or occupies

• Density – is the measure of the amount of mass in a given volume

Lesson 2 (Properties of Matter) Physical property – A characteristic of a substance that can be observed and measured without changing the identity of the substance. - Use your senses to detect physical properties - Color, shape, size, and texture a few examples of physical properties of gold.

• Chemical property – describes a substance’s ability to change into a new substance with different properties. • - Common chemical properties include flammability and reactivity with substances such as oxygen, water, and acids. • - When left outdoors in wet weather, iron rusts. The ability to rust is a chemical property of iron.

Lesson 3 (Physical and Chemical Changes) • Physical change – is a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance. Example - If you crumbled up paper it would change the papers shape, however the paper still has the same chemical identity.

• Chemical change – occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties. Example – In a campfire, the wood will burn and change to ashes. The wood has undergone a chemical change. The ashes are a new substance with different properties.

• Laws of conservation of mass – states that in ordinary chemical and physical changes, mass is not created or destroyed but is only transformed into different substances.

Lesson 4 (Pure Substances and Mixtures) • Atom – Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. • Atoms are the basic building blocks for all three types of matter, (elements, compounds and, mixtures. ) • An element is made up of one or more of the same kind of atom chemically combined. (Oxygen) • A compound is made up of different kinds of atoms chemically combined. (Water)

• A mixture contains a variety of elements and compounds that are not chemically combined with each other. (Nitrogen, Water , and Oxygen mixed together) • Pure substances – is a substance that has definite physical and chemical properties such as appearance, melting point, and reactivity.

A heterogeneous mixture is one that does not have a uniform composition. ( soil has dirt, rocks, leaves and even insects mixed together. ) Homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition where substances are evenly spread throughout. (sugar-water, the sugar dissolves and the mixture has the same sweet taste. )

Lesson 5 (States of Matter) • A solid substance has a definite volume and shape. • A liquid substance has a definite volume but not a definite shape. • A gas does not have a definite volume or shape.

Lesson 6 ( Changes of State) • The change in state in which a liquid becomes a solid is called freezing. • Melting – The change in state from a solid to a liquid. • As a liquid is warmed, its particles gain energy. Some particles gain enough energy that they escape from the surface of a liquid and become a gas. This process is called Evaporation.

• Boiling - A rapid change from a liquid to a gas, or vapor. • Condensation – The change of state from a gas to a liquid. • Sublimation – The change from a solid state directly into a gas. (dry ice) • Deposition – is the change in state from a gas directly to a solid. (ice crystals form in clouds)