Mammary and Immune Systems Mammary Phases of Lactation

Mammary and Immune Systems

Mammary Phases of Lactation Immune 1 Immune 2 Immune 3 10 10 10 20 20 20 30 30 30 40 40 40 50 50 50

Mammary- 10 Points QUESTION: • What is the smallest unit of the mammary gland? ANSWER: • Alveolus

Mammary – 20 Points QUESTION: • What is the most variable component of milk? ANSWER: • Fat

Mammary – 30 Points QUESTION: • The first milk produced by a female is called ______ and contains ________ to fight infection. ANSWER: • Colostrum, Antibodies

Mammary– 40 Points QUESTION: • Describe the placement of organelles inside an epithelial cell. ANSWER: • Nucleus towards the outside of the cell – basal membrane • Golgi apparatus and other secretory organelles towards inside of cell – closer to lumen of alveoli

Mammary– 50 Points QUESTION: • Draw an alveolus. ANSWER:

Phases of Lactation – 10 Points QUESTION: • What is mammogenesis? ANSWER: • Preparation/Growth of breast tissue for lactation

Phases of Lactation – 20 Points QUESTION: • Suckling triggers release of oxytocin and milk letdown during what phase? ANSWER: • Galactokinesis

Phases of Lactation – 30 Points QUESTION: • Remodeling of the mammary gland after lactation has ended is called what? ANSWER: • Involution

Phases of Lactation – 40 Points QUESTION: • During lactogenesis which hormone stimulates the synthesis of what? ANSWER: • Lactose

Phases of Lactation – 50 Points QUESTION: • Describe the hormonal effects of galactopoiesis. ANSWER: • Prolactin maintains lactation, surges during periods of suckling • LH and FSH low due to inhibition of Gn. RH by prolcatin • Anovulation and amenorrhea can occur

Immune 1 – 10 Points QUESTION: • Viral infected cells secrete this substance to protect neighboring cells from infection. ANSWER: • Interferons

Immune 1 – 20 Points QUESTION: • What is the benefit of a moderate fever in fighting infection? ANSWER: • Spleen and liver sequester iron and zinc to stop microbial use • Metabolic rate increases to increase rate of repair

Immune 1 – 30 Points QUESTION: • B cells proliferate to produce what? ANSWER: • Antibodies • Memory cells

Immune 1 – 40 Points QUESTION: • Name the four ways antibodies fight antigens. ANSWER: • Precipitation • Complement-fixation • Agglutination • Neutralization

Immune 1 – 50 Points QUESTION: • CD 4 and CD 8 cells are activated to become what? ANSWER: • CD 4 – helper T cells • CD 8 – cytotoxic T cells

Immune 2 – 10 Points QUESTION: • Name two barriers in the first line of defense. ANSWER: • Skin • Mucous membranes

Immune 2 – 20 Points QUESTION: • Name two cell types that are a part of the second line of defense. ANSWER: • Macrophages • Neutrophils • Natural killer cells • Phagocytes

Immune 2 – 30 Points QUESTION: • What are three signs of the inflammatory response? ANSWER: • Swelling • Redness • Heat • Pain

Immune 2 – 40 Points QUESTION: • Name three characteristics of the adaptive immune system. ANSWER: • Antigen specific • Systemic • Has memory

Immune 2 – 50 Points QUESTION: • Explain why there would not be an immune response if helper T cells were not present. ANSWER: • Recognize antigen which leads to activation and proliferation of T and B cells • Also activate and recruit other immune cells

Immune 3 – 10 Points QUESTION: • Where do T-cells and B-cells mature? ANSWER: • Thymus • Bone marrow

Immune 3 – 20 Points QUESTION: • How can an organism acquire immunity actively? ANSWER: • Having an infection • Vaccinations

Immune 3 – 30 Points QUESTION: • What is one type of passive immunity? ANSWER: • Donor antibodies • Mother’s antibodies

Immune 3 – 40 Points QUESTION: • What type of protein recognizes normal cells as “self? ” ANSWER: • Class I major histocompatibility complex proteins (MCH)

Immune 3 – 50 Points QUESTION: • Describe the steps involved in phagocyte mobilization. ANSWER: • Leukocytosis – neutrophils released from bone marrow head to site of injury • Margination – neutrophils cling to capillary walls • Diapedesis – neutrophils flatten and squeeze through capillary walls • Chemotaxis – chemical signals attract neutrophils to specific area of injury