Immune System Alex Wiemann Immune System The immune

Immune System Alex Wiemann

Immune System �The immune system defends the body against infection and disease-causing organisms.

Organs of the Immune System �Bone Marrow: where human immune system cells are produced �Thymus Gland: produces more immune system cells and lymphocytes �Spleen: filters the blood using T-cells, Bcells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and red blood cells �Lymph Nodes: filters the interstitial fluid between the cells

Recognizing Pathogens �Antibodies are proteins produced by Bcells that identify and neutralize pathogens. �The antibodies have receptors on them that connect to antigens, which are the part of the pathogens that allow antibodies to recognize them.

Innate and Acquired Immunity Innate Immunity Acquired Immunity Antigen-independent response Antigen-dependent response Maximal response is immediate Lag time between exposure and maximal response Not antigen-specific Antigen-specific No immunologic memory Immunologic memory Skin, lysosomes, phagocytes, coughing, sneezing Lymphocytes

Active and Passive Immunity Active Immunity Passive Immunity Host produces cells and factors responsible for immunity Host acquires immune factors produced from another animal Can work for a long time Usually lasts only for short time The production of antibodies (due to disease or vaccination) Injection of immune serum from an individual who previously had the disease

Humoral & Cell-Mediated Immunity Humoral Immunity Cell-Mediated Immunity Deals with infectious agents in the blood and body tissues Deals with body cells that have been infected Managed by B-cells Managed by T-cells Uses antibodies Uses killer T-cells

B and T Lymphocytes B-Cells T-Cells Act against pathogens in the blood and lymph Act against pathogens, organ transplants, cancer, etc. Produce plasma cell clones, which produce antibodies Produce T-cell clones, which can be killer, helper, or suppressor

Antibiotics Against Bacteria and Viruses �Antibiotics only work against bacteria, not viruses. �Antibiotics interrupt metabolic pathways in prokaryotic cells. This might prevent the formation of a cell wall or the completion of cell division. �Viruses have no metabolic pathways. For this reason, antibiotics do not work on them.

Allergies �Allergies are reactions your immune system has to substances that most people don’t react to. �Symptoms include sneezing, breathing troubles, and vomiting. �One in every five Americans is affected by allergies. �There are several over-the-counter medications available to treat allergies.

HIV/AIDS �HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV/AIDS weakens a person’s ability to fight cancer and disease and is transmitted sexually. �There usually are no immediate symptoms to HIV/AIDS, though some people do develop a flu-like illness. � 0. 6% of American adults have HIV/AIDS. �HIV can be treated with certain medications. There is no cure for AIDS.

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