BREAST FEEDING PHYSIOLOGY OF LACTATION PHYSIOLOGY OF LACTATION

BREAST FEEDING/ PHYSIOLOGY OF LACTATION

PHYSIOLOGY OF LACTATION q Preparation of breasts - (Mammogenesis) q Synthesis and secretion from breast alveoli (lactogenesis) q Ejection of milk- (galactokinesis) q Maintenance of lactation -(galactopoiesis)

MILK PRODUCION q. Mother produce 600 -800 ml of milk a day to feed her infant with about 500 kcal/day. q. This requires about 600 kcal/day for the mother q. For this purpose a store, of about 5 kg of fat during pregnancy is essential.

COLOSTRUM Colostrum is the secretion from the breast, which starts during pregnancy becomes more abundant during first two days following delivery.

COMPOSITION • Deep yellow serous fluid. • Alkaline • High specific gravity, • High protein, Vit A, sodium and chloride content. • Low carbohydrate. • Low fat and potassium.

ADVANTAGES ØThe antibodies (Ig. A, Ig. G, Ig. M) Ø humoral factors (lactoferrin) ØLaxative action on the baby because of large fat globules

PROPERTIES OF BREAST MILK It varies in composition: üWith time of day üWith stage of lactation üIndividual variation üIn response to maternal nutrition

COMPOSTION Fat : 3. 5 g/100 ml Carbohydrate (lactose) 7 g/100 ml Protein : 1. 2 g /100 ml Vitamins Fat soluble vitamins : Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Water soluble vitamins : Vitamin C

Cont… Minerals and trace element Zinc Calcium Anti infective factors Immunoglobulin Ly sozyme Lactoferrin Bifidus factor Hormones and growth factors Water : 89% Calories : 75 kcal/ml Sodium 7 mmol /L

CARE OF BREAST v. Breast hygiene-daily washing v. Proper breast support v. Normal flora of the breast should be protected

PREPARATION FOR BREAST FEEDING DURING PREGNANCY ØStarted from middle of the pregnancy ØCracked or depressed nipple should be adequately treated ØMassaging of the breast, expression of colostrum and maintenance of cleanliness should be carried out during the last weeks of pregnancy. ØMothers should be counselled about advantages of breast feeding.

FOLLOWING DELIVERY Ø Frequent breast feeding Ø Plenty of fluids to drink Ø Avoid engorgement

SUPPRESSION OF LACTATION q DRUGS ü Bromocriptine 2. 5 mg, bd, for 2 week ü Ethynl oestradiol 0. 05 mg, tid, for 5 days q MECHANICAL ü Stop breast feeding ü Should not express milk ü Compression bandage ü Analgesic