Leviticus to Deuteronomy John Stevenson 2014 The cloud

Leviticus to Deuteronomy © John Stevenson, 2014

The cloud covered the tent of meeting, and the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle (Exodus 40: 34)

Location in Leviticus Exodus ends with the construction of the Tabernacle Leviticus tells us of the worship taking place in the Tabernacle Then the Lord called to Moses from the tent of meeting (Leviticus 1: 1)

Outline of Leviticus Laws of the Offerings (1 -7) Laws of the Priests (8 -10)

Leviticus 8: 7 He put the tunic on him and girded him with the sash, and clothed him with the robe and put the ephod on him; and he girded him with the artistic band of the ephod, with which he tied it to him.

Leviticus 8: 8 He then placed the breastpiece on him, and in the breastpiece he put the Urim and the Thummim. “Lights” “Perfections”

Leviticus 9: 22 -23 Then Aaron lifted up his hands toward the people and blessed them, and he stepped down after making the sin offering and the burnt offering and the peace offerings. 23 Moses and Aaron went into the tent of meeting. When they came out and blessed the people, the glory of the LORD appeared to all the people.

Leviticus 9: 24 Then fire came out from before the LORD and consumed the burnt offering and the portions of fat on the altar; and when all the people saw it, they shouted and fell on their faces.

Leviticus 10: 1 -2 Now Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took their respective firepans, and after putting fire in them, placed incense on it and offered strange fire before the LORD, which He had not commanded them. 2 And fire came out from the presence of the LORD and consumed them, and they died before the LORD.

Leviticus 10: 3 Then Moses said to Aaron, “It is what the LORD spoke, saying, ‘By those who come near Me I will be treated as holy, And before all the people I will be honored. ’” So Aaron, therefore, kept silent.

Outline of Leviticus Laws of the Offerings (1 -7) Laws of the Priests (8 -10) Laws of the Holiness (11 -15) Day of Atonement (16)

Preparations for Entry Aaron shall enter the holy place with this: with a bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering. 4 He shall put on the holy linen tunic, and the linen undergarments shall be next to his body, and he shall be girded with the linen sash, and attired with the linen turban (these are holy garments). Then he shall bathe his body in water and put them on. (Leviticus 16: 3 -4) 3

Preparations for Entry And he shall take from the congregation of the sons of Israel two male goats for a sin offering and one ram for a burnt offering. 6 Then Aaron shall offer the bull for the sin offering which is for himself, that he may make atonement for himself and for his household. (Leviticus 16: 6) 5

The Pair of Goats And he shall take the two goats and present them before the LORD at the doorway of the tent of meeting. 8 And Aaron shall cast lots for the two goats, one lot for the LORD and the other lot for the scapegoat. 9 Then Aaron shall offer the goat on which the lot for the LORD fell, and make it a sin offering. (Leviticus 16: 79). 7

The Pair of Goats But the goat on which the lot for the scapegoat fell, shall be presented alive before the LORD, to make atonement upon it, to send it into the wilderness as the scapegoat. (Leviticus 16: 10). 10

The Place of Mercy Moreover, he shall take some of the blood of the bull and sprinkle it with his finger on the mercy seat on the east side; also in front of the mercy seat he shall sprinkle some of the blood with his finger seven times. (Leviticus 16: 14). 14

The Place of Mercy Then he shall slaughter the goat of the sin offering which is for the people, and bring its blood inside the veil, and do with its blood as he did with the blood of the bull, and sprinkle it on the mercy seat and in front of the mercy seat. (Leviticus 16: 15). 15

The Presence of One When he goes in to make atonement in the holy place, no one shall be in the tent of meeting until he comes out, that he may make atonement for himself and for his household and for all the assembly of Israel. (Leviticus 16: 17). 17

The Passing of the Goat Then Aaron shall lay both of his hands on the head of the live goat, and confess over it all the iniquities of the sons of Israel, and all their transgressions in regard to all their sins; and he shall lay them on the head of the goat and send it away into the wilderness by the hand of a man who stands in readiness. (Leviticus 16: 21). 21

The Passing of the Goat And the goat shall bear on itself all their iniquities to a solitary land; and he shall release the goat in the wilderness. (Leviticus 16: 22). 22

Outline of Leviticus Laws of the Offerings (1 -7) Laws of the Priests (8 -10) Laws of the Holiness (11 -15) Day of Atonement (16) Laws of the Holiness (17 -20)

Leviticus 18: 6 None of you shall approach any blood relative of his to uncover nakedness; I am the LORD.

Calum Carmichael “The lawgivers of the Pentateuch formulated biblical laws in relation to biblical narratives” (pg 9).

Law in Leviticus Narrative in Genesis You shall not uncover Ham looks on Noah’s the nakedness of your nakedness (9). father (18: 7). Lot’s two daughters sleep with their father (19).

Law in Leviticus Narrative in Genesis The nakedness of your Abraham was sister, either your married to his half father's daughter or your sister, Sarah (20: 12). mother's daughter, whether born at home or born outside, their nakedness you shall not uncover (18: 9). You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father’s wife(18: 8). Reuben sleeps with his father’s concubine (35: 22).

Law in Leviticus Narrative in Genesis You shall not uncover Judah had a child by the nakedness of your his daughter-in-law, daughter-in-law; she is Tamar (38). your son's wife, you shall not uncover her nakedness (18: 15).

Law in Leviticus You shall not marry a woman in addition to her sister as a rival while she is alive, to uncover her nakedness (18: 18). Narrative in Genesis Jacob married the sisters Leah and Rachel (29: 21 -30).

Leviticus 18: 19 Also you shall not approach a woman to uncover her nakedness during her menstrual impurity. Why is this brought up now? How does it relate to the previous verse?

Law in Leviticus Narrative in Genesis You shall not have Potiphar’s wife intercourse with your attempted to seduce neighbor’s wife, to be Joseph (39). defiled with her (18: 20).

Leviticus 18: 21 You shall not give any of your offspring to offer them to Molech, nor shall you profane the name of your God; I am the LORD.

Law in Leviticus Narrative in Genesis Offering children to Molech (18: 21). Abraham offers Isaac to the Lord (22). You shall not lie with a Men of Sodom male as one lies with a attempt to rape Lot’s female; it is an angelic visitors (19). abomination (18: 22).

Leviticus 18: 24 -25 Do not defile yourselves by any of these things; for by all these the nations which I am casting out before you have become defiled. 25 For the land has become defiled, therefore I have brought its punishment upon it, so the land has spewed out its inhabitants.

Outline of Leviticus Laws of the Offerings (1 -7) Laws of the Priests (8 -10) Laws of the Holiness (11 -15) Day of Atonement (16) Laws of the Holiness (17 -20) Laws of the Priests (21 -22) Appointed Times (23 -25)

Passover Deliverance from Egypt Unleavened Spring Bread Feasts Removal of impurities of old life Pentecost Promise of new life to come Holy Spirit (giving of the Covenant) Trumpets New Civil Year First Fruits Atonement Booths Fall Atonement for the Nation Feasts God dwelling with His people

The Sabbatical Year and The Year of Jubilee

Leviticus 25: 23 -24 The land, moreover, shall not be sold permanently, for the land is Mine; for you are but aliens and sojourners with Me. 24 Thus for every piece of your property, you are to provide for the redemption of the land.

Outline of Leviticus Laws of the Offerings (1 -7) Laws of the Priests (8 -10) Laws of the Holiness (11 -15) Day of Atonement (16) Laws of the Holiness (17 -20) Laws of the Priests (21 -22) Appointed Times (23 -25) Penalties and Vows (26 -27)

If you walk in My statutes and keep My commandments… (26: 3) • • I will give you rain The land will yield its produce The trees of the field will bear fruit You will eat your food to the full I will grant you peace You will chase your enemies I will make you fruitful and multiply you I will dwell with you

If you do not obey Me and carry out all these commandments… (26: 14) • I will appoint over you a sudden terror, consumption and fever • You shall sow your seed uselessly • You shall be struck down before your enemies • Those who hate you shall rule over you • You shall flee when no one is pursuing

If, after these things, you do not obey me… (26: 18) • • • I will punish you seven times more I will break down your pride of power Your strength will be spent uselessly Your land will not produce its produce The trees of the land will not yield their fruit

If, then you act with hostility toward Me and are not willing… (26: 21) • I will increase the plague seven times • I will let loose among you the beast of the field • They shall bereave you of your children and destroy your cattle

If, by these things you are not turned to Me… (26: 23) • • I will strike you seven times I will bring upon you a sword I will strike you with a pestilence Your bread shall be rationed

If, in spite of this, you do not obey Me… (26: 27) • I will punish you seven times more • You shall eat the flesh of your sons and daughters • I will cut down your high places • I will lay waste your cities • I will make the land desolate • I will scatter you among the nations and you will perish among the nations

If they confess their iniquity or if their uncircumcised heart becomes humbled. . . (26: 40 -41) • • I will remember My covenant I will remember the land I will not reject them to destroy them I will remember for them the covenant with their ancestors

What is the “Big Idea” in the book of Numbers?

Name of the Book • Hebrew Name: r. B; d>mi. B. (Be. Midbar) - “In the wilderness” • Greek Name: Arithmoi

EXODUS Ends with the construction of the Tabernacle LEVITICUS Tells of the worship that takes place in the Tabernacle Numbers Takes up the story of what took place in the wilderness

Leviticus Numbers The believer’s worship The believer’s work Purity Pilgrimage Our Spiritual Position Our Spiritual Progress Ceremony in the Sanctuary History in the Wilderness

Numbers 1: 1 Then the LORD spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the tent of meeting, on the first of the second month, in the second year after they had come out of the land of Egypt, saying, …

Kadesh Barnea EGYPT MOAB EDOM

1: 1 10: 10 Mount Sinai Preparation for the Journey 10: 11 14: 45 15: 1 21: 41 22: 1 36: 13 From Sinai Kadesh to The Plains to Kadesh Moab of Moab

Chapter 11 • Cry of the People • Giving of Quail • Judgment Chapter 12 Complaint by Aaron & Miriam against Moses Chapter 14 • Cry of the People • Judgment of God • Defeat at Kadesh Chapter 13 Mission of spies & their complaint against Canaan

1: 1 10: 10 10: 11 14: 45 15: 1 21: 41 22: 1 36: 13 Mount Sinai From Sinai Kadesh to The Plains to Kadesh Moab of Moab Preparation for the Journey Wilderness Wanderings The Test The Old Generation Several Weeks 38 Years Mount Sinai Mount Hor

1: 1 10: 10 10: 11 14: 45 15: 1 21: 41 22: 1 36: 13 Mount Sinai From Sinai Kadesh to The Plains to Kadesh Moab of Moab Preparation for the Journey Wilderness Wanderings The Test The Old Generation End of the Journey The New Generation Several Weeks 38 Years Several Months Mount Sinai Mount Hor Mount Nebo

Kadesh Barnea EGYPT Thus Edom refused to allow Israel to pass through his territory; so Israel turned away from him. (Numbers 20: 21) MOAB EDOM

Numbers 21: 4 -5 Then they set out from Mount Hor by the way of the Red Sea, to go around the land of Edom; and the people became impatient because of the journey. 5 The people spoke against God and Moses, “Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? For there is no food and no water, and we loathe this miserable food. ”

Numbers 21: 6 The LORD sent fiery serpents among the people and they bit the people, so that many people of Israel died. ~ypir"F. h; ~yvix'N>h;

Numbers 21: 7 So the people came to Moses and said, “We have sinned, because we have spoken against the LORD and you; intercede with the LORD, that He may remove the serpents from us. ” And Moses interceded for the people.

Numbers 21: 8 Then the LORD said to Moses, “Make a fiery serpent, and set it on a standard; and it shall come about, that everyone who is bitten, when he looks at it, he will live. ” @r"f';

Numbers 21: 9 And Moses made a bronze serpent and set it on the standard; and it came about, that if a serpent bit any man, when he looked to the bronze serpent, he lived.

As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up; 15 so that whoever believes will in Him have eternal life. (John 3: 14 -15)

Numbers 22: 1 Then the sons of Israel journeyed, and camped in the plains of Moab beyond the Jordan opposite Jericho.

Numbers 22: 2 -3 Now Balak the son of Zippor saw all that Israel had done to the Amorites. 3 So Moab was in great fear because of the people, for they were numerous; and Moab was in dread of the sons of Israel.

Numbers 22: 5 So he sent messengers to Balaam the son of Beor, at Pethor, which is near the River, in the land of the sons of his people, to call him, saying, “Behold, a people came out of Egypt; behold, they cover the surface of the land, and they are living opposite me. ”

Pethor

Numbers 22: 6 “Now, therefore, please come, curse this people for me since they are too mighty for me; perhaps I may be able to defeat them and drive them out of the land. For I know that he whom you bless is blessed, and he whom you curse is cursed. ” I will bless those who bless you, and the one who curses you I will curse (Genesis 12: 3).

Balaam ― the Prophet for Profit • Hired to curse the Israelites • An Angelic Encounter • Balaam’s Prophecy I see him, but now; I behold him, but not near; A star shall come forth from Jacob, A scepter shall rise from Israel (Numbers 24: 17).

Balaam ― the Prophet for Profit • • Hired to curse the Israelites An Angelic Encounter Balaam’s Prophecy Balaam’s Counsel Behold, these caused the sons of Israel, through the counsel of Balaam, to trespass against the LORD in the matter of Peor, so the plague was among the congregation of the LORD. (Numbers 31: 16)

Reuben Gad Mannaseh

Title of the Book • Greek Name: Deuteronomion Now it shall come about when he sits on the throne of his kingdom, he shall write for himself a copy of this law on a scroll in the presence of the Levitical priests. (Deuteronomy 17: 18).

Title of the Book • Greek Name: Deuteronomion • Hebrew Name: ~yr. Ib'D>h; h. L, ae “These are the words” These are the words which Moses spoke to all Israel across the Jordan in the wilderness. . . (Deuteronomy 1: 1).

Deuteronomy & the Suzerain Treaties • • The Preamble The Historical Prologue The Stipulations Deposit and Reading of the Covenant • Witnesses • Curses & Blessings

1: 1 Preamble 1: 6 Historical Prologue Ten 5: 1 Commandments Stipulations Related 12: 1 Commandments 27: 1 Blessings & Cursings 31: 1 Succession What God did What Israel is to do What God will do

Deuteronomy 5: 4 -5 The LORD spoke to you face to face at the mountain from the midst of the fire, 5 while I was standing between the LORD and you at that time, to declare to you the word of the LORD; for you were afraid because of the fire and did not go up the mountain. He said…

Toward God • No other Gods • No idols • God’s name is to be holy • The Sabbath Toward Men • • • Respect for parents No murder No adultery No stealing No false witness No coveting

All of these Laws… • Are Perfect • Are Spiritual – While some of them resemble laws of society, they far surpass those laws in their intent (see what Jesus had to say about the Law in His Sermon on the Mount).

All of these Laws… • Are Perfect • Are Spiritual • Have a corresponding corollary – When a duty is commanded, there is a contrary sin which is forbidden; when a sin is forbidden, there is a contrary duty which is being commanded.

All of these Laws… • • Are Perfect Are Spiritual Have a corresponding corollary Are not merely a moral code; they are also covenantal stipulations – They contain cursing and blessing formulas interspersed throughout the commands.

Deuteronomy 6: 4 Hear, O Israel! The LORD is our God, the LORD is one! laer"f. y. I [m; v. Shema Israel!

Deuteronomy 6: 4 Hear, O Israel! The LORD is our God, the LORD is one! dx'a, hw"hy> Wnyhel{a/ hw"hy > echad Adonai Eluhenu , Adonai

Deuteronomy 6: 4 Hear, O Israel! The LORD is our God, the LORD is one!

Deuteronomy 6: 5 You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might. “This is the great and foremost commandment” (Matthew 22: 38).

Deuteronomy 6: 5 You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might.

Deuteronomy 6: 5 You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might. But whoever has the world’s goods, and beholds his brother in need and closes his heart against him, how does the love of God abide in him? (1 John 3: 17).

Deuteronomy 6: 6 -7 These words, which I am commanding you today, shall be on your heart. 7 You shall teach them diligently to your sons and shall talk of them when you sit in your house and when you walk by the way and when you lie down and when you rise up.

Deuteronomy 6: 8 You shall bind them as a sign on your hand they shall be as frontals on your forehead.

Deuteronomy 6: 9 You shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates.

Group Exercise Try to find three laws in Deuteronomy that no longer seem to be in effect today Do they have present day APPLICATION?

Deuteronomy 18: 15 -16 The LORD your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among you, from your countrymen, you shall listen to him. 16 This is according to all that you asked of the LORD your God in Horeb on the day of the assembly, saying, “Let me not hear again the voice of the LORD my God, let me not see this great fire anymore, or I will die. ”

Deuteronomy 18: 18 -19 I will raise up a prophet from among their countrymen like you, and I will put My words in his mouth, and he shall speak to them all that I command him. 19 It shall come about that whoever will not listen to My words which he shall speak in My name, I Myself will require it of him.

Deuteronomy 34: 10 -12 Since that time no prophet has risen in Israel like Moses, whom the LORD knew face to face, 11 for all the signs and wonders which the LORD sent him to perform in the land of Egypt against Pharaoh, all his servants, and all his land, 12 and for all the mighty power and for all the great terror which Moses performed in the sight of all Israel.